Sunday 13 November 2016

MBA - SEMESTER - 4 - FALL - 2016 - MU

PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0015 –Compensation and Benefits

1.  Discuss the contents of Job Evaluation. Describe the process of Job evaluation

The contents of job evaluation are as follows:

1.  Job analysis: It is the process of examining the job content by breaking it down into its functions, elements, tasks, operations and processes.

2.  Job description:  It is a written and general statement that outlines the skills,  education  and  training  required  by  the  potential  employee  to perform the particular task.

3.  Job classification: Here jobs are grouped with respect to their worth.

4.  Job  specification:  It  is  a  statement,  which  contains  the  qualifications and  characteristics  of  an  employee,  which  are  required  for  the successful task completion.
                                                                                     
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2.  Suppose you are a HR Manager and you are asked to develop an effective Incentive Scheme for your organization. What are the pre-requisites you will consider while developing an Effective Incentive Scheme? Discuss the merits and demerits of Incentives

If I was a HR Manager and I was asked to develop an effective incentives scheme for my organization then following pre-requisites will be considered by me while developing and Effective Incentive scheme :

These pre-requisites are as under:

1.  The  workers’  co-operation  is  mandatory  in  execution  of  incentive schemes.  The  co-operation  is  required  in  respect  of  methods  adopted for analysis of result or output on basis of which payment is done, the setting  wage  rate  methods  for  different  work  categories  and  prerequisites  relating  to  job  security,  earnings  and  dispute  settlement regarding work standards.

                                                                                     
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3.  Discuss the types of managerial remuneration. Explain the elements of a managerial remuneration

Types of managerial remuneration

Due to financial crises in the last two decades, the remuneration part of the managers  has  changed  drastically  which  affect  their  compensation structure. Thus, managerial remuneration comprises of two important pays which are as follows:

1.  Short term pay:  The short term remuneration is related to the bonuses (short term) and the base pay which are usually paid to the managers according to their performance in the organisation. This type of pay is totally  cash  based  managerial  remuneration  component  and  over  a certain period of time these bonuses become deferred.

                                                                                     
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4.  Define Pay Structure. What are its objectives? Explain the major decisions involved in designing and setting competitive pay structures

Definition of Pay Structure

A  pay/salary  structure  refers  to  the  collection  of  salary  grades,  bands  or levels,  connection  of  related  jobs  within  a  series  or  hierarchy  which  helps the organisation in providing a framework for the implementation of various policies  and  reward  strategies  within  the  organisation.  Various  salary structures  are  connected  with  varying  types  of  salary  progression arrangements.
An organisation salary structure is thus a method  of administering its salary philosophy. The two main categories of pay structures are  –  Internal Equity (which is structured in a grid and                                                 
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5.  Explain the various criteria considered for rewarding the employees for their good service

The criteria for rewarding the employees for their good service in the firm are as follows:

1.  Analysing  and  surveying  of  staff:  Conducting  the  surveys  is regarded  as  one  of  the  most  critical  challenge  for  the  firms  when  it comes  to  motivate  their  employees.  For  this  the  firm  must  deeply understand their employees as well as their culture. Thus for this, they have  created  “Culture  Critique”  by  using  the  staff  focus  groups  and also one-to-one interviews for both current and existing employees.

Example:  Lloyd’s  Broking  Group,  despite  having  major  growth  in  its business,  initiated  its  employee  survey  so  as  to  assess  the  unease among its staff members. The main reason for this is the
                                                                                     
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6.  Write a short note on the following:

a)Wage Policy Plan in India
b)Voluntary Retirement Scheme(VRS)

a)     Wage Policy Plan in India
Wage  policy  can  be  defined  as  the  principles  which  act  as  guidelines  for determination of a wage structure. It relates to all systematic efforts of the Government in relation to a national wage and structure of wages.

Wage policy in India
The plans of wages in India are explained as follows:
•                                                     The  first  plan  (1951  to  1956)  suggested  that  pre-war  levels  of  real wages should be restored as an initial march towards “living wage” by use of enhanced productivity. It further suggested various measures for making  wage  adjustments  like  reduction  of  disparities  in  income, reduction  of  gap  between  the  current  and  living  wages,  maintenance and                                                        
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PROGRAM -  MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0016 – Performance Management and Appraisal

1.  Discuss the principles and dimensions of Performance Management

Principles of Performance Management

Integration  of  individual  and  organisational  objectives:  The  first principle is that the organisation’s and the individual goals should be aligned and integrated. This is not to say that all that an individual’s  demands have to be  met always; but that the individual  objectives  have  to be aligned with the  organisational  objectives.  An  individual  is  hired  to  achieve  some  organisational  goals and the individual too joins an  organisation  to achieve  some of his goals. Therefore integration of the individual and  organizational goals  is  a  natural  principle  in  PM.

Specificity:  PM  should  have  specificity.  PM  goals  therefore  cannot  be  discussed  in  ephemeral  or  vague  terms. That  can  lead  to  confusion  even though we accept that  the  business environment has                                         
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2.  What do you mean by feedback? Explain its Role, Types and Principles.

Meaning of Feedback

Feedback  is  the  provision  of  information  to  people  on  how  they  have performed  in  terms  of  results,  events,  critical  incidents  and  significant behaviour  during  the  period  under  review.  Feedback  is  a  useful  tool  for indicating whether  things are going in the right direction  and  for redirecting effort. Your objective in giving feedback is to provide guidance by supplying information  in  a  useful  manner,  either to  support  effective  behaviour  or  to change the  not-effective behaviour and,  thus,  guide someone back on  the track towards successful performance.

Role

When a goal is set and an individual performs, it is possible that he deviates from  it  advertently  or  inadvertently.  Moreover,  it  is  difficult for  a  person  to observe  the  results  of  his  own  actions.  This  is  more  so  in  areas  where results  cannot  be  fully  defined  empirically.  For  example,  it  is  possible                                                       
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3.  Assume that you have joined as an HR in an organization. The first task assigned to you is to conduct the Performance Appraisal Process. What according to you is its purpose? Describe the entire Performance Appraisal process.

Purpose of Performance Appraisal

It is believed that at least 90% of  organisations  have a formal PE and the rest  do  it  informally  since  it  serves  a  number  of  organisational  purposes such as the following:

1.  If  organisational  goals are converted into objectives and job tasks  and these are  executed by  employees, it follows that the effectiveness with which  tasks  are  performed  has  a  direct  bearing  on  organisational effectiveness.  PE  identifies  whether  an  individual  is  actually contributing to the job. For example, five salesmen each are required to sell 1,000 pieces of a product a month to ensure that the organisational target of 5,000  sales  is met. If three of them sell 1,200 each,  another 1,000,  but  the  fifth  only  200,  the  organisational  targets  will  fall  short. Through PE we can pinpoint which employee                                                                          
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4.  Discuss the skills that a line manager require for effective Performance Management.

Skills  the  line  managers  require  for  effective  PM.  The  line  managers require the following skills for effective PM:

·         Preparing role profiles, 
·         Defining goals
·         Identifying  and  using  performance  measures
·         Giving  and  receiving  feedback
·         Taking  part  in  the  performance  dialogue
·         Identifying  the  learning  needs  and  arranging  for  learning  and development
·         Diagnosing  and  solving  performance  problems: 
·         Coaching

Preparing role profiles,  i.e.,  defining key result areas and competency requirements. Often this is done by the HR managers without consulting the  line  managers.  The  reason  is  that  there  is  a  particular  format  in which this has to be done and perhaps the HR managers, by training, have  the  ability  to  do                                                         
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5.  Define the term ‘Ethics’. Discuss the key factors involved in ensuring Ethics in Performance Management(PM).

Definition of Ethics:

The  word  'ethics'  comes  from  the  Greek  word  'ethikos'.  It  refers  to  one's moral character and the way in which society expects people to behave in accordance  with  accepted  principles.  Most  philosophers  conclude  that ethical  failure  occurs  because  of  lack  of  character  or,  in  other  words,
virtuous  people  will  live  ethically.  Therefore,  we  need  to  think  about  the desired virtues and how one can develop those virtues, PM being a case where  such  ethics  need  emphasis.  Aristotle's  virtues  for  the  city  state included  prudence,  justice,  courage  and  self-restraint.  Christians  added faith,  hope  and  love.  Over  time,  a  number  of  others  were  added  – compassion,  generosity,  empathy,  hospitality,  modesty  and  civility.  In  the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna tells Arjuna not only how to build                                              
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6. Write short notes on the following:
a) MBO
b) Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales Method  (BARS)

a) MBO

This method involves setting particular calculable goals with each employee and then respectively discussing  his/her  progress towards these goals. The term MBO refers to an inclusive organisation-wide goal setting and appraisal programme that consists of six main steps:

1.  Set  the  organisation’s  goals:  Create  organisation-wide  plan  for  the next year and set goals.

2.  Set departmental goals: Here, the heads of each department set goals for their respective department in consultation with their superiors.

3.  Discuss  and  allocate  department  goals:  The  heads  of  department discuss  the  organisation’s  goals  with  all  the  subordinates  in  the department and ask them to develop their own individual goals. In other words,  how  an  employee  can  contribute  to  his/her  department  in achieving its goals.

                                                                                     
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PROGRAM  - MBA - SEMESTER - 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0017 – TALENT MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION


1.  What are competency characteristics? Describe some of them.

Competency characteristics

A  competency  is  a  reasonably  profound  and  long-term  component  of  a  person’s  personality  and  can  forecast  behaviour  in  a  wide  range  of  situations  and  job  tasks.  It  also  causes  or  forecasts  behaviour  and  performance of an individual. The competency forecasts  which is evaluated  on a specific criterion or standard tells whether a person has performed  well or  poorly.  Competency  characteristics  are  content  knowledge,  behaviour skills,  cognitive  processing,  personality  traits,  values,  motives,  and  occasionally other perceptual or  sensorimotor  capabilities (reaction time for  combat pilots, visual acuity for designers), which validly predict performance  outcome  criteria. 

                                                                                     
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2.  Define Talent Management. Discuss the Talent management Approaches.

Definition of Talent Management

Talent  management:  Talent  management  is  defined  as  a  conscious  and systematic  approach  taken  up  to  attract,  identify,  develop  and  retain productive  and  engaged  employees  with  aptitude  and  abilities  to  meet current and future organisational needs by fulfilling the business/operation critical  roles.  The  goal  of  talent  management  is  to  create  a  highperformance,  sustainable  organization  that  meets  its  strategic  and operational goals and objectives. (John Hokins University press)

In  some  organisations  only  the  key  performing  individuals  are  associated with the term talent or talent management  and generally more attention is paid  to  employees  with  exceptional  skills.                                                    
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3.  Briefly describe the different Talent Management Processes?

Different Talent Management Processes

Organisations  are  made  up  of  people  who  in  turn  create  value  through proven business processes, innovation, customer service,  and many other important activities.

In order to meet its business goals, an organisation must make sure that it has  a  continuous  and  integrated  process  for  talent  management  which includes the following:

•  Workforce  planning:  This  process  establishes  workforce  and  hiring plans, compensation budgets, and hiring targets for the year.

                                                                                     
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4.  Explain the key Compensation principles. What do you mean by Total rewards? Describe the elements of Total rewards

Key Compensation Principles

There are few key compensation principles. They are:

•  Consider  the  unique  characteristics  and  specific  needs  of organisation:  The  unique  characteristics  and  specific  needs  of  the organisation need to be considered for the formulation of compensation plans. An understanding of compensation plans among competitors will create  a  competitive  edge.  The  process  should  be  developed  in alignment with the strategic requirements of the company. Here process refers  to  the  approach  to  the  programs  and  their  implementation  and
alignment  refers  to  the  measures,  performance  requirements,  reward, and the cultural values of the organisation.

•  Integrated  total  rewards  system:  Compensation  plans  need  to  be expanded and integrated along with the programs, tools and practices that  impact  the  action  of  people,  so  as  to  effectively                                                                                       
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5.  Explain the role of IT in Talent Management Systems.

Role of IT in Talent Management Systems

Talent  management  is  an  ongoing  procedure  of  methodically recognising, assessing, and developing the talent for upcoming  crucial  roles.  This  helps  in  ensuring  the  stability  and  successful  organisational performance.

The globalization  and advancement in  information technology (IT), in which  developing  countries  play  a  major  role,  has  caused  a  “war  for  talent.”  To  meet challenging growth targets, service providers find that recruitment and  retention  are  of  key  importance.  For  developing  countries  globalization
offers  the  opportunity  for  economic  development.  The  major  concern  for  today’s organization is

                                                                                     
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6.  Write short notes on:
a) Promoting ethics in workplace
b) Talent Review

(a)  Promoting positive ethics in the workplace
Ethics  act  as  a  basic  business  term  as  it  is  applicable  to  all  workplaces. Employees who do not follow ethical values in their workplace can  increase  the possibility of both organisational corruption and legal problems. In any  job,  it  is  very  important  that  employees’  behaviour  must  be  in  agreement  with both workplace policies and relevant state and federal laws. Failing to  follow  workplace  behavioural  ethics  can  damage  and  even  destroy  organisations.

Four keys to promote ethical behaviour in the workplace

The  four  major  keys  involved  in  promotion  of  ethical  behaviour  in  the workplace include:

·         Confess.
·         Follow the book.
·         Good communication and information.
·         Consider the “Problem Trio”.


                                                                                     
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 PROGRAM -  MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0018 – Change Management

1.  Describe Kotter’s Eight Step Change Model

Kotter’s Eight Step Change Model 

Step 1:  Establishing a sense of urgency

• Help others in realizing the need for change and the importance of acting immediately.
• Examining the realities of market and competition.
• Identifying and discussing potential crises.

Step 2:  Creating the guiding coalition

• Assuring that the change is guided by a powerful groupthat has leadership skills, bias for action, credibility, communication skills andauthority and analytical skills.
                                                                                     
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2.  What are OD interventions? How are they useful to the organizations?

OD interventions

Interventions  are principal  learning  processes  in the  action stage  of organization development. Interventions are structured activities used individually or in combination by the members of a client system to improve their social or task performance. They may be introduced by a change agent  as part of an improvement program, or they may be used by the client  following a program to check on the state of the organization’s health, or to effect necessary changes in its own behavior. Structured activities mean such diverseprocedures as experiential exercises, questionnaires, attitude surveys, interviews, relevant group discussions,                                                                                     
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3.  Discuss the reasons for employees’ resistance to change.

Some of the reasons for employee’s resistance to change are:

(i) The individual’s predisposition towards change:This could be verypersonal  and  deeply innate.  This determines  the individual’s  attitude towards change which could be negative.

(ii) Fear of the unknown:Fear or inability to handle an unknown situation tends to dissuade individuals from accepting change.

(iii) Uncertainty:Employees often resist change because they are uncertain  about the impact the change will have on their lives. They may worry about job security or they may be anxious in face of the ambiguity associated with a new way of doing things.

                                                                                     
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4.  What do you mean by Organizational Effectiveness? Explain the approaches involved in achieving Organizational Effectiveness

Meaning of Organizational Effectiveness

As a wider concept, organizational effectiveness as represented by several perspectives comprises  an  organization’s  fit with  its external  environment, configuration of its internal subsystems for high performance, emphasis upon organizational learning and ability to satisfy the needs of key stakeholders. This is very complex and includes lot many key terms like organizational performance, success, goodness, health, competitiveness, excellence, and so on.

Organizational effectiveness has been defined as the degree of goal achievement.  The  determination  of an  organization’s  goal(s)  is  crucial  in evaluating effectiveness of an organization. The first step in the determination of goals is to distinguish between official and                                                        
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5.  What do you mean by Change Agent? Describe the characteristics of successful Change Agents.

Definition of Change Agent

Change agents are people who usually have specialized training in organizational behaviour and can help guide and advice the change process.They strive to ‘alter human capability or organizational systems to achieve a higher degree of output or self actualization.’ Their objective is to make goals that stick. They
have a clear vision as to how the process of change will begin and culminate, and the activities they will perform to enable people to do more, or find a new and better perspective on life. Change agents could be the existing managers, non-managers, employees or outside consultants. In fact, change agents may
be either external or internal and their success will depend on how well and skilfully they are able to                                                                                
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6.  Write a brief note on the following:

a)Herzberg’s Motivation Theory
b) Kurt Lewin’s Model of Change

a)Herzberg’s Motivation Theory

Frederick Herzberg, an American clinical psychologist, explored things that stimulated workers to present their best performance.He stated that employees have two possible categories of motivators: a wish to avoid pain or deprivation (hygiene factors) and a longing to learn and develop (motivators). Herzberg explains that while the presence of these hygienefactors does not directly enhance employee motivation, the absence of any one of these will definitely hinder performance.

In a nutshell, the behavioural approach says that studying the impact of individual behaviours and motivators in terms of enhancingperformance and reducing resistance will help to
                                                                                     
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