PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0050 - RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
1.Distinguish between descriptive and causal research studies?
Conclusive research
Conclusive research is
carried out to test and validate the study hypotheses. In contrast to exploratory
research, these studies are more structured and definite.
The variables and constructs
in the research are clearly defined. For example, finding customer satisfaction
levels of heavy consumers of different pizzas in the Pizza Hut menu. Now, this
needs clear definition of customer satisfaction; secondly, how we will identify
heavy consumers. The timeframe of the study and respondent selection are more
formal and representative. The emphasis on reliability and validity of the
research findings are all the more significant, as the results might need to be
implemented.
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2. Briefly explain the concepts of
reliability, validity and sensitivity.
1.
Reliability
Reliability is concerned with consistency, accuracy and
predictability of the scale. It refers to the extent to which a measurement
process is free from random errors. The reliability of a scale can be measured
using the following methods:
Test–retest reliability:
In this
method, repeated measurements of the same person or group using the same scale
under similar conditions are taken. A very high correlation between the two
scores indicates that the scale is reliable. The researcher has to be careful
in deciding the time difference between two observations. If the time
difference between two observations is very small it is
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3. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of the questionnaire method? Illustrate with suitable examples.
Advantages
The questionnaire has many
advantages over the other data collection methods discussed earlier.
•Probably the greatest
benefit of the method is its adaptability. There is, actually speaking, no
domain or branch for which a questionnaire cannot be designed. It can be shaped
in a manner that can be easily understood by the population under study. The
language, the content and the manner of questioning can be modified suitably.
The instrument is particularly suitable for studies that are trying to
establish the reasons for certain occurrences or behaviour.
•The second
advantage is that it assures anonymity if it is self-administered by the
respondent, as there is no pressure or embarrassment in revealing sensitive
data. A lot of questionnaires do not even require the person to fill in his/her
name. Administering the questionnaire is much faster and less expensive as
compared to other primary and a few secondary sources as well.
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4. What is data editing? Mention
its significance.
Data editing
Data editing is the process
that involves detecting and correcting errors (logical inconsistencies) in
data. After collection, the data is subjected to processing. Processing
requires that the researcher must go over all the raw data forms and check them
for errors.
Significance
The significance of
validation becomes more important in the following cases:
•In case the form had been
translated into another language, expert analysis is done to see whether the
meaning of the questions in the two measures is the same or not.
•The second
case could be that the questionnaire survey has to be done at multiple
locations
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5. Differentiate between descriptive and inferential analysis of data.
Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive analysis refers
to transformation of raw data into a form that will facilitate easy
understanding and interpretation. Descriptive analysis deals with summary
measures relating to the sample data. The common ways of summarizing data are
by calculating average, range, standard deviation, frequency and percentage
distribution. Below is a set of typical questions that are required to be
answered under descriptive statistics:
•What is the average income
of the sample?
•What is the standard
deviation of ages in the sample?
•
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6. Explain the
Structure of the
Research Report. What
are the guidelines
for effective report writing?
Explanation of the Structure of the Research Report
1. Preliminary Section: This section mainly consists of
identification information for the study conducted. It has the following
individual elements:
Title page:The title
should be crisp and indicative of the nature of the project.
Letter of authorization:The author
of this letter is the business manager who formally gives the permission for
executing the project. The tone of this letter, unlike the above document, is
very precise and formal.
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0051-Legal Aspects of
Business
1. What are the remedies for breach of contract? What is quasi contract?
Ans.
Remedies for Breach of Contract
When
someone breaches a contract, the other party is no longer obligated to keep its
end of the bargain. From there, that party may proceed in several ways:
(i) the other party may urge the breaching party to
reconsider the breach;
(ii) if it is a contract with a merchant, the other
party may get help from consumers’ associations;
(iii) the other party may bring the breaching party to
an agency for alternative dispute resolution;
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2. Explain the meaning of Power of
Attorney, its types and clause related to registration.
Power of attorney is defined by Section
2(21) of the Stamp Act as including “any
instrument not chargeable with
a fee under
the law relating
to court fees for the time being
in force,” that empowers “a specified person to act for and in the name of the
person executing it”. It is the Powers of Attorney Act, 1882, that deals with
the subject but does not define it. In common parlance, a power
of attorney is an instrument
or a deed
by which a
person is empowered to act for
and in the
name of the
person executing it.
The person executing the
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3. Explain the procedure of
registration of partnership firms.
Application for registration
Section 58 lays down the procedure for registration
of partnership firms. A partnership firm may be registered at any time by post,
or delivering to the Registrar of Firms of the area in which the business of
the firm is situated or proposed to be
situated, a statement
in the prescribed
form and accompanied by the
prescribed fee, stating:
·
Firm’s name
·
Place or the principal place of business
·
Names of any other places where the firm carries on
business
·
Date when each partner joined the firm
·
Names in full and addresses of the partners, and
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4. What are the circumstances
under which breach of condition is treated as breach of warranty?
Breach of condition to be treated as breach of warranty –
According to Section 13,
under certain circumstances, a
breach of condition
is to be treated
as a breach
of warranty, i.e., the right
to repudiate the
contract is deemed to have been
lost. These circumstances are:
• Where a contract of sale is subject to any condition to be
fulfilled by the seller, the buyer may either:
o Waive the condition
o Elect to treat the breach of the condition as
a breach of warranty.
In such
situations, the buyer is active and is
either waiving the condition or
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5. Explain the procedure for
filing a complaint and admission of complaint in consumer protection act.
Procedure for filing a complaint
There is no
fee for filing a complaint before any of the aforesaid bodies. The
complainants or their authorised
agent can present the complaint in person. The complaint
can also be
sent by post
to the appropriate
Forum/Commission. The complaint
should be addressed
to the President
of the Forum/Commission. A
complaint should contain the following information
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6. Write short notes on:
a) Shares and its classification
b) Meetings and its classification
a) Shares and its classification
Section 2
(46) defines a share “as a share in the share capital of a company and includes
stock except where a distinction between stock and share is expressed or
implied”. This definition does not encompass the meaning of a share. A
share of a
company in the
hands of a
shareholder signifies a bundle of rights and obligations [Viswanath
vs. East India Distilleries (1957) 27
Comp. Cas. 175]. However, a share is not a negotiable instrument [C.I.T. vs.
Associated Industrial
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