PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MB0050- Research Methodology
1. What do you mean by Focus Group
Discussion? Explain the key elements of a focus group.
Focus group discussion
Focus group discussion (FGD)
is a highly versatile and dynamic method of collecting primary data from a
representative group of respondents. The process generally involves a moderator
who steers the discussion on the topic under study. There are a group of
carefully selected respondents who are specifically invited and gathered at a
neutral setting. The moderator initiates the discussion and then the group
carries it forward by holding a focused and an interactive discussion
Key elements of a focus group
Size: Ideal
recommended size for a group discussion is 8 to 12 members. Less than eight
would not generate all the possible perspectives on the topic and the group
dynamics required for a
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2. Discuss the concepts involved in Testing of Hypothesis. Also discuss
the steps involved in testing the hypothesis.
Concepts in Testing of Hypothesis
Below are discussed
some concepts on testing of hypotheses: -
• Null hypothesis: The
hypotheses that are proposed with the intent of receiving a rejection for them
are called null hypotheses. This requires that we hypothesize the opposite of
what is desired to be proved. For example, if we want to show that sales and
advertisement expenditure are related, we formulate the null hypothesis that
they are not related. If we want to prove that the average wages of skilled
workers in town 1 is greater than that of town 2, we formulate the null
hypotheses that there is no difference in the average wages of the skilled
workers in both the towns. A null hypothesis is denoted by H0.
• Alternative hypotheses:
Rejection of null hypotheses leads to the acceptance of alternative hypotheses.
The rejection of null hypothesis indicates that the relationship between
variables (e.g., sales and advertisement expenditure) or the difference between
means (e.g., wages of skilled workers in
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3. What do you mean by Exploratory research design? Explain the types of
exploratory research design.
Definition of Exploratory design
Exploratory designs are
the simplest and most loosely structured designs. As the name suggests, the
basic objective of the study is to explore and obtain clarity about the problem
situation. It is flexible in its approach and mostly involves a qualitative
investigation. The sample size is not strictly
representative and at
times it might only involve unstructured interviews with a couple of subject
experts. The essential purpose of the study is to:
•Define and understand
the research problem to be investigated.
•Explore and evaluate
the diverse and multiple research opportunities.
•Assist in the
development and formulation of the research hypotheses.
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4. Explain the Structure of the Research Report. What are the guidelines
for effective report writing?
Report Guidelines for effective report writing
Report Writing: Structure of
the Research Report
Whatever the type of
report, the reporting requires a structured format and by and large, the
process is standardized. As stated above, the major difference amongst the
types of reports is that all the elements that make a researchreport would be
present only in a detailed technical report. Usage of theoretical and technical
jargon would be higher in the technical report and visual presentation of data
would be higher in the management report. The process of report formulation and
presentation is presented below:
Preliminary Section
·
Title Page
·
Letter of Authorization
·
Executive Summary
·
Acknowledgements
·
Table of Contents
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5. Explain the any three types of
comparative and non-comparative scales of each in detail.
Comparative scales
In comparative scales it is
assumed that respondents make use of a standard frame of reference before
answering the question. For example:
A question like ‘How do you
rate Barista in comparison to Cafe Coffee Day on quality of beverages?’ is an
example of the comparative rating scale. It involves the direct comparison of
stimulus objects.
Types of comparative scales
Paired comparison scales: Here a
respondent is presented with two objects and is asked to select one according
to whatever criterion he or she wants to use. The resulting data from this
scale is ordinal in nature.
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6. What do you mean by Research
Problem? Explain the steps involved in research problem identification process.
Definition of Research Problem
The challenge for a business
manager is not only to identify and define the decision problem; the bigger
challenge is to convert the decision into a research problem that can lead to a
scientific enquiry. As Powers et al. (1985) have put it, ‘Potential research
questions may occur to us on a regular basis, but the process of formulating
them in a meaningful way is not at all an easy task’. One needs to narrow down
the decision problem and rephrase it into workable research questions.
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MB0051 LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS
1. Narrate the exceptions to the
rule “No consideration no contract”. How is a contract discharged?
No
consideration, no contract
Sections
10 and 25
of the Contracts
Act deal with
the maxim “no consideration, no contract.” A promise
without consideration cannot create a legal
obligation. A person who makes a promise to do or abstain from doing something
usually does so
as a return
of some loss,
damage or inconvenience
that may have
or may have
been occasioned to the
other party with respect
to the promise. A consideration must move at the desire
of the
promisor; it can be from
the promisee or
any other person.
The consideration must be real and, need not be adequate; it can be
given in the past, present or future. In the next section, we will deal with
performance of contracts.
Discharge of
Contracts
Discharge refers to the termination of contractual
relationship between the parties. The contract ceases to operate, i.e., when
the rights and obligations under the contract ends.
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2. Narrate the rights and liabilities of a
surety in a contract of guarantee.
Rights of a Surety
Rights of surety may be classified under three heads:
·
Rights
against the creditor
·
Rights
against the principal debtor
·
Rights
against co-sureties
1. Rights against the creditor
In case of fidelity guarantee, the surety can
direct a
creditor to dismiss the employee
whose honesty he/she
has guaranteed, in the event
of proven dishonesty of the
employee. The creditor’s failure to do so will exonerate the surety from
his/her liability.
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3. When and how is a partnership and firm get dissolved?
Dissolution
Dissolution of firms
and partnerships
Section 39 provides
that the dissolution
of partnership between
all the partners of a firm is
called the “dissolution of the firm”. It
follows that if the dissolution of partnership
is not between
all the partners,
it would not amount to
“dissolution of firm”, but it would nevertheless be “dissolution of partnership”. Thus,
dissolution of firm
always implies dissolution
of partnership, but dissolution
of partnership need
not lead to
dissolution of
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4. (a) Narrate the
Latin maxim “Nemo dat quod non
habet” and its exceptions in sale of
Goods Act 1930.
(b) A sells certain
goods to B and promises to deliver the goods on the next day. But before
delivery A sells
and delivers the goods to
C who buys
those in good
faith and without knowledge of the prior sale to B.
Explain B’s remedy in such circumstances.
(c) A, B and C are three brothers who owned a 3-story
building, each of them agreed to share a floor. The building was constructed by
the supervision of A, who had a general power of attorney
given by B
and C. A,
B and C
contributed equally to
the construction of the
property. C was staying abroad and was supposed to occupy his flat at a later
date. Meanwhile A sells C’s flat to X by
virtue of the general power of attorney.
Give your comments.
Answer:
4 (a) Narrate the
Latin maxim “Nemo dat quod non
habet”
Transfer of title by non-owners is discussed in Sections 27-30.
Section 27 lays down a general
rule as to transfer of title, that is,
it is only the owner of goods who can transfer a good title. No one can
give a better title than what that has. This rule is expressed by the maxim, ‘Nemo
dat quod non habet,' which means that
no one can
give what he
himself has not.
If the
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5. Section 16 of the Companies Act, 2013
provides the rules for alteration of Memorandum of Association. Explain the
rules.
Memorandum of
Association
Meaning and purpose: The
Memorandum of Association
(MoA) of a
company is its
charter that contains the
fundamental conditions on which the company
is incorporated. It tells us the
objects of the company’s formation and the
utmost possible scope of its operations. Thus, it defines as well as
confines the powers of
the company.
Any act beyond the scope of the memorandum is considered to be ultra
vires (beyond powers of) and is void.
The MoA serves two purposes:
·
It enables shareholders,
creditors and persons
who deal
with the company to know the
scope of its powers and range of its activities.
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6. Narrate
the prohibition of
anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position as per Competition
Act, 2002.
Prohibition of
Anti-competitive Agreements
Section 3 provides
for prohibition of
entering into anti-competitive agreements. Accordingly,
no enterprise or
person or association
of enterprises/persons shall enter into any agreement in respect of
production, supply, distribution, storage, acquisition or control of goods or
provision of services, which causes or is likely to cause an appreciable
adverse effect on competition within India. Any agreement entered into in
contravention of this provision shall be void.
Further, this
section also specifies certain
activities that shall be presumed to have
an appreciable adverse
effect on competition.
Any enterprise or person
or association of
enterprises/persons, including cartels,
shall be presumed to have an appreciable adverse
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