Thursday 10 March 2016

MBA - SEMESTER - 3 - COMMON - WINTER 2015

PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME  MB0050- Research Methodology


1.  What do you mean by Focus Group Discussion? Explain the key elements of a focus group.

Focus group discussion

Focus group discussion (FGD) is a highly versatile and dynamic method of collecting primary data from a representative group of respondents. The process generally involves a moderator who steers the discussion on the topic under study. There are a group of carefully selected respondents who are specifically invited and gathered at a neutral setting. The moderator initiates the discussion and then the group carries it forward by holding a focused and an interactive discussion

Key elements of a focus group

Size: Ideal recommended size for a group discussion is 8 to 12 members. Less than eight would not generate all the possible perspectives on the topic and the group dynamics required for a


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2. Discuss the concepts involved in Testing of Hypothesis. Also discuss the steps involved in testing the hypothesis.

Concepts in Testing of Hypothesis

Below are discussed some concepts on testing of hypotheses: -

• Null hypothesis: The hypotheses that are proposed with the intent of receiving a rejection for them are called null hypotheses. This requires that we hypothesize the opposite of what is desired to be proved. For example, if we want to show that sales and advertisement expenditure are related, we formulate the null hypothesis that they are not related. If we want to prove that the average wages of skilled workers in town 1 is greater than that of town 2, we formulate the null hypotheses that there is no difference in the average wages of the skilled workers in both the towns. A null hypothesis is denoted by H0.

• Alternative hypotheses: Rejection of null hypotheses leads to the acceptance of alternative hypotheses. The rejection of null hypothesis indicates that the relationship between variables (e.g., sales and advertisement expenditure) or the difference between means (e.g., wages of skilled workers in


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3. What do you mean by Exploratory research design? Explain the types of exploratory research design.

Definition of Exploratory design

Exploratory designs are the simplest and most loosely structured designs. As the name suggests, the basic objective of the study is to explore and obtain clarity about the problem situation. It is flexible in its approach and mostly involves a qualitative investigation. The sample size is not strictly
representative and at times it might only involve unstructured interviews with a couple of subject experts. The essential purpose of the study is to:

•Define and understand the research problem to be investigated.
•Explore and evaluate the diverse and multiple research opportunities.
•Assist in the development and formulation of the research hypotheses.


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4. Explain the Structure of the Research Report. What are the guidelines for effective report writing?

Report Guidelines for effective report writing

Report Writing:  Structure of the Research Report

Whatever the type of report, the reporting requires a structured format and by and large, the process is standardized. As stated above, the major difference amongst the types of reports is that all the elements that make a researchreport would be present only in a detailed technical report. Usage of theoretical and technical jargon would be higher in the technical report and visual presentation of data would be higher in the management report. The process of report formulation and presentation is presented below:

Preliminary Section
·         Title Page
·         Letter of Authorization
·         Executive Summary
·         Acknowledgements
·         Table of Contents



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5.  Explain the any three types of comparative and non-comparative scales of each in detail.

Comparative scales

In comparative scales it is assumed that respondents make use of a standard frame of reference before answering the question. For example:

A question like ‘How do you rate Barista in comparison to Cafe Coffee Day on quality of beverages?’ is an example of the comparative rating scale. It involves the direct comparison of stimulus objects.

Types of comparative scales

Paired comparison scales: Here a respondent is presented with two objects and is asked to select one according to whatever criterion he or she wants to use. The resulting data from this scale is ordinal in nature.


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6. What do you mean by Research  Problem? Explain the steps involved in research problem identification process.

Definition of Research Problem

The challenge for a business manager is not only to identify and define the decision problem; the bigger challenge is to convert the decision into a research problem that can lead to a scientific enquiry. As Powers et al. (1985) have put it, ‘Potential research questions may occur to us on a regular basis, but the process of formulating them in a meaningful way is not at all an easy task’. One needs to narrow down the decision problem and rephrase it into workable research questions.

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PROGRAM -   MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME  MB0051 LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS

1.  Narrate the exceptions to the rule “No consideration no contract”. How is a contract discharged?

No consideration, no contract

Sections  10  and  25  of  the  Contracts  Act  deal  with  the  maxim  “no consideration, no contract.” A promise without consideration cannot create a  legal obligation. A person who makes a promise to do or abstain from doing  something  usually  does  so  as  a  return  of  some  loss,  damage  or  inconvenience  that  may  have  or  may  have  been  occasioned to  the  other party  with  respect  to  the promise.  A consideration must move at the desire of  the  promisor;  it  can  be  from  the  promisee  or  any  other  person.  The consideration must be real and, need not be adequate; it can be given in the past, present or future. In the next section, we will deal with performance of contracts.

Discharge of Contracts

Discharge refers to the termination of contractual relationship between the parties. The contract ceases to operate, i.e., when the rights and obligations under the contract ends.

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2.  Narrate the rights and liabilities of a surety in a contract of guarantee.

Rights of a Surety

Rights of surety may be classified under three heads:
·         Rights against the creditor
·         Rights against the principal debtor
·         Rights against co-sureties
1. Rights against the creditor

In case of fidelity guarantee, the surety can direct  a  creditor to dismiss the employee  whose  honesty  he/she  has  guaranteed,  in  the  event  of  proven dishonesty of the employee. The creditor’s failure to do so will exonerate the surety from his/her liability.

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3.  When and how is a partnership and firm get dissolved?

Dissolution

Dissolution of firms and partnerships

Section  39  provides  that  the  dissolution  of  partnership  between  all  the partners of a firm is called the  “dissolution of the firm”. It follows that if the dissolution  of  partnership  is  not  between  all  the  partners,  it  would  not amount to  “dissolution of firm”, but it would nevertheless be  “dissolution of partnership”.  Thus,  dissolution  of  firm  always  implies  dissolution  of partnership,  but  dissolution  of  partnership  need  not  lead  to  dissolution  of


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4. (a) Narrate the Latin maxim  “Nemo dat quod non habet”  and its exceptions in sale of Goods Act 1930.

(b) A sells certain goods to B and promises to deliver the goods on the next day. But before delivery  A  sells  and  delivers  the  goods  to  C  who  buys  those  in  good  faith  and  without knowledge of the prior sale to B. Explain B’s remedy in such circumstances.

(c) A, B  and C are three brothers who owned a 3-story building, each of them agreed to share a floor. The building was constructed by the supervision of A, who had a general power of  attorney  given  by  B  and  C.   A,  B  and  C  contributed  equally  to  the  construction  of  the property. C was staying abroad and was supposed to occupy his flat at a later date. Meanwhile A sells  C’s flat to X by virtue of the general power of attorney.
Give your comments.

Answer:

4 (a) Narrate the Latin maxim  “Nemo dat quod non habet” 

Transfer of title by non-owners  is discussed in Sections  27-30.  Section  27 lays down a general rule as to transfer of title, that is,   it is only the owner of goods who can transfer a good title. No one can give a better title than what that  has.  This rule is expressed by the maxim, ‘Nemo dat quod non habet,' which  means  that  no  one  can  give  what  he  himself  has  not.  If  the 


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5.  Section 16 of the Companies Act, 2013 provides the rules for alteration of Memorandum of Association. Explain the rules.

Memorandum of Association

Meaning and purpose: The  Memorandum  of  Association  (MoA)  of  a  company  is  its  charter  that contains the fundamental conditions on which the company  is  incorporated. It tells us the objects of the company’s formation and the  utmost possible scope of its operations. Thus, it defines as well as confines the powers of
the company.  Any act beyond the scope of the memorandum is considered to be ultra vires (beyond powers of) and is void.

The MoA serves two purposes:
·         It  enables  shareholders,  creditors  and  persons  who  deal  with  the company to know the scope of its powers and range of its activities.


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6.  Narrate  the  prohibition of anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position as per Competition Act, 2002.

Prohibition of Anti-competitive Agreements

Section  3  provides  for  prohibition  of  entering  into  anti-competitive agreements.  Accordingly,  no  enterprise  or  person  or  association  of enterprises/persons shall enter into any agreement in respect of production, supply, distribution, storage, acquisition or control of goods or provision of services, which causes or is likely to cause an appreciable adverse effect on competition within India. Any agreement entered into in contravention of this provision shall be void.

Further, this  section  also specifies certain activities  that  shall be presumed to  have  an  appreciable  adverse  effect  on  competition.  Any  enterprise  or person  or  association  of  enterprises/persons,  including  cartels,  shall  be presumed  to have an appreciable adverse


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