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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0050 - RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
1. Briefly describe the different
steps involved in a research process. Distinguish between descriptive and
causal research studies.
Meaning of research:
Different scholars have
interpreted the term ‘research’ in many ways. For instance, Fred Kerlinger
(1986) stated that ‘Scientific research is a systematic, controlled and
critical investigation of propositions about various phenomena.’ Grinnell
(1993) has simplified the debate and stated ‘The word research is
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2. Distinguish between
primary and secondary
methods of data
collection. Explain the Interview method of data collection
Difference between primary and
secondary methods of
data collection are as follows:
Primary data,as the
name suggests, is original, problem- or project-specific and collected for the
specific objectives and needs spelt out by the researcher. The accuracy and relevance
is reasonably high. The time and money required for this are quite high and
sometimes a researcher might not have the
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3 a. Discuss four types of measurement scales with
examples.
b. Briefly explain the concepts of
reliability, validity and sensitivity.
a. Meaning of Measurement scales
and types of Measurement scales with examples:
Meaning:
The term ‘measurement’
means assigning numbers or some other symbols to the characteristics of certain
objects. When numbers are used, the researcher must have a rule for assigning a
number to an observation in a way that provides an accurate description. We do
not measure the object but some characteristics of it. Therefore, in research,
people/consumers are not measured; what is measured only are their perceptions,
attitude or any other relevant characteristics. There are two reasons for which
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3. b. Explanation of the concepts
of reliability, validity and sensitivity
Reliability : Reliability
is concerned with consistency, accuracy and predictability of the scale. It
refers to the extent to which a measurement process is free from random errors.
The reliability of a scale can be measured using the following methods: Test–retest
reliability:In this method, repeated measurements of the same person or group
using the same scale under similar conditions are taken. A very high correlation
between the two scores indicates that the scale is reliable. The researcher has
to be careful
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4. a. Distinguish between:
i. Schedules and Questionnaires
Difference between Schedule and Questionnaire:
S.No
|
Questionnaire
|
Schedule
|
1
|
Questionnaire is
generally sent through mail to informants to be answered as specified in a
covering letter, but otherwise without further assistance from the sender.
|
A schedule is
generally filled by the research worker or enumerator, who can interpret the
questions when necessary.
|
2
|
Data collection is
cheap and economical as the money is spent in preparation of questionnaire
and in mailing the same to respondents.
|
Data collection is
more expensive as money is spent on enumerators and in imparting trainings to
them. Money is also spent in preparing schedules.
|
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Q4.a. ii. Open ended and closed ended questions
The main difference
between a closed-ended question and an open-ended question is the type of
response that can be given. With a closed-ended question there are a limited
number of choices to choose from when answering, but with an open-ended
question the respondent can answer in their
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4. b. What are the different modes
of administering a questionnaire? What are the conditions that merit the use of
one over the other? Discuss by using suitable examples.
The Questionnaire Method: The
questionnaire is a research technique that consists of a series of questions
asked to respondents, in order to obtain statistically useful information about
a given topic. It is one of the most cost-effective methods of collecting
primary data, which can be used with considerable ease by most individual and
business researchers. It has the advantage of flexibility of approach and can
be successfully adapted for most research studies. The instrument has been
defined
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5 a. What is the analysis of variance? What are
the assumptions of the technique? Give a few examples where the techniques
could be used.
Meaning :
The test of hypothesis
concerning the equality of two population means using both the Zand t tests.
However, if there are more than two populations, the test for the equality of
means could be carried out by considering two populations at a time. This would
be a very cumbersome procedure. One easy way out could be to use the Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) technique. The technique helps in performing this test in
one go and, therefore, is considered to be important technique of analysis for
the researcher. Through this technique it is possible to draw inferences
whether the samples have been drawn from
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5. b. The following data
represents the number of units produced by four operators during three
different shifts:
Shifts
|
Operator
|
|||
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
|
I
|
10
|
8
|
12
|
13
|
II
|
10
|
12
|
14
|
15
|
III
|
12
|
10
|
11
|
14
|
Perform a two-way
analysis of variance and interpret the result.
Ans. 5 . b
M1 vs M2 nonsignificant,
M1 vs M3 nonsignificant, M1 vs M4 nonsignificant, M2 vs M3 nonsignificant
M2 vs M4 P<.05
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6. Explain the three basic
principles of professional ethics that any research must follow. How do
you follow an
ethical practice while
collecting information from
the respondents?
Basic principles of professional ethics
Professional creed
•At no stage should the
researcher exaggerate or underplay the expense or effort incurred in the
conduct of the study. Thus, sometimes the investigator might overclaim the
expense incurred in travel or field visit. On the other hand, he might underpay
the field investigators that he has kept for data
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PROGRAM - MBA
SEM 1
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME - MB0051-Legal Aspects of Business
1. What are the rights of a
surety?
Rights of a Surety:
Rights against the creditor
In case of fidelity
guarantee, the surety can direct a creditor to dismiss the employee whose
honesty he/she has
guaranteed, in the
event of proven dishonesty of the employee. The
creditor’s failure to do so will exonerate the surety from his/her liability.
Rights against the principal
debtor
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2. Explain duties of a Bailor and
a Bailee.
Duties of a bailor
• To
disclose known faults
in goods (Section
150) – The
bailor is bound to
disclose to the
bailee, all faults
in goods bailed,
of which he/she is aware of. These faults materially interfere with
the use of them or expose the bailee to extraordinary risks. If the bailor
does not make such disclosure, he/she
is responsible for
the damage arising
to the bailee directly from such
faults.
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Duties of a bailee
• To take care of goods bailed
(Section 151) – In
all cases of bailment, the bailee is bound to take care of the goods bailed to
him as a man of ordinary prudence would, under similar circumstances, take
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3. “Power of Attorney is considered
as an important concept in Business Law”. Explain.
Meaning
Power of attorney is
defined by Section 2(21) of the Stamp Act as including “any instrument
not chargeable with
a fee under
the law relating
to court fees for the time being
in force,” that empowers “a specified person to act for and in the name of the
person executing it”. It is the Powers of Attorney Act, 1882, that deals with
the subject but does not define it. In common parlance, a power
of
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4. “The Banking Regulation Act,
1949, provides various methods of regulation of the banking business”. Describe
the key areas of regulation.
Regulation of business
The Banking Regulation
Act, 1949, provides various methods of
regulation of the banking business. Some of the key areas of regulation are:
• Power to
provide directions –
Sections 21 and 35A of
the Act empower the RBI to
regulate the business of banks by issuing directions controlling various
aspects of banking. Section 21 provides
the power to regulate advances of
banking companies, while
Section 35A provides powers of
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5. Explain the nature and scope of
complaints under the Consumer Protection Act?
Nature and scope of complaints under the Consumer Protection Act:
To provide simple, speedy and inexpensive
redressal of consumer grievances, the Act envisages three-tier
quasi-judicial machinery at
the district, state
and national levels. At the district
level, the redressal forum is called as District
Forum. The State Government may, if it
deems fit, establish more than one District
Forum in a
district. At the
state level, there
are to be
similar redressal
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6. Explain the need and types of
meetings.
Need for meetings
A company
is an artificial
person and therefore,
must act through
some human intermediary. The various provisions of law empower shareholders
to do certain things. They are specifically reserved for them to be done in
company’s general meetings. Section 291
empowers the Board of Directors to manage
the affairs of the company.
In this context ,
meetings of shareholders and
directors become necessary.
The Act has
made provisions for following
different types of
meetings of
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MK0010- Sales, Distribution and Supply Chain
Management
1. When one member of distribution channel tries to maximize its profits
at the expense of rest of the members, it will create conflicts, resulting in
the decline of profits. To avoid these conflicts, now retail firms have started
forming vertical Marketing systems (VMS). Explain the three types of VMS
through which goods and services are
usually distributed to customers.
Vertical Marketing System
A Vertical Marketing
System (VMS)is a system in which almost all the members of distribution channel
such as manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers work together to satisfy human
needs and wants by facilitating the smooth flow of goods and services from manufacturer
to the ultimate consumer.
Types of vertical marketing system
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2 . Define Aggregate Planning and its strategies to meet demand and
supply.
Aggregate Planning
One important strategy
used in planning demand and supply is called Aggregate Planning.
The aggregate plan is a
demand management tool that allocates resources optimally relating both direct
and derived demand such that there is both, a better utilization of the
production system and an improvement of customer service. The aggregate plan can
be product type or category or geography but
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3 . An organization needs to be extremely cautious in making investments
in various types of inventories. The
extent of control required to be maintained on all items is not the same. Explain some important tools of Inventory
management like ABC analysis, Just-In-Time & Economic order quantity model.
Definition of Inventory and Inventory Management :
The term ‘inventory’ means any stock of direct
or indirect material (raw materials or finished items or both) stocked in order
to meet the expected and the unexpected demands in the future. A basic purpose
of inventory management is to
control inventory by managing the flows of materials. It sets
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4 . Explain the SCOR model with a diagrammatic representation.
SCOR Model
The SCOR model is used
to understand simple or complex supply chains through a common set of terms.
Consequently, different industries can be related to each other to interpret
any supply chain.
SCOR is based on five
unique management methods. These are: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver and Return.
(i) Plan:It includes
methods required to balance collective demand and supply to devise a strategy
which
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5. Explain the challenges faced by International Sales Manager.
The challenges faced by sales managers while doing business abroad are
as follows:
(i) Language Barriers
(ii) Cultural
Differences
(iii) Sense of Trust
and Understanding
(iv) Time Zone
Challenges
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6 . Describe the supply chain Benchmarking Procedure.
Definition of Benchmarking:
Benchmarking has been
used variedly to refer to several activities. Several definitions have
described as ‘benchmarking’. Some of these definitions are discussed to
emphasize the diversity:
•‘A continuous
systematic process for evaluating the products, services and work of
organizations that are recognized as representing best practices for the
purpose of organizational improvement’ (Spendolini, 1992).
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MK0011- Consumer Behaviour
1. The ability to develop successful new products is critical to a
company’s sales, future growth and long-term survival. Customers evaluate all
new products based on their perceptions. Discuss the five categories of
adopters classified by time of adoption.
Time of adoption
Everett M
Rogers examined more
than 500 studies
on diffusion and concluded
that there are
five categories of
adopters classified by
time of adoption:
1. Innovators
·
They
constitute, on an
average the first
2.5 percent of
all those consumers who adopt the
new product and are technology enthusiasts.
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2 . Discuss the three component model of attitudes. What is the relevance
of this model to advertising objectives?
Tri-component attitude model
Cognitive component:
Consumers’ beliefs
about an attitude-object are the attributes they ascribe to it. These
beliefs result from
an individual’s cognitions
or knowledge and perceptions obtained
by experience with
the attitude object
and allied information. For most
attitude objects, consumers have a
number of beliefs
and that a specific
behaviour will result in a specific outcome. For example, an individual
may believe that ThumsUp:
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3. One of the most critical decisions about creative strategy in
advertising involves the choice of an appropriate appeal. Some ads are designed
with the intent of appealing to the rational, logical aspect of the consumer’s
decision making process. Discuss the advertising appeals which are classified
as rational & logical appeals.
Classification of advertising appeals :
One of
the most critical
decisions about creative
strategy in advertising involves the choice of an
appropriate appeal. Some ads are designed with the intent
of appealing to
the rational, logical
aspect of the
consumers’ decision-making
process and others
attempt to stimulate
consumers’ feelings with the intent of evoking some desired emotional
response. Often, advertising appeals
are
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4. Describe the levels of consumer decision making while buying.
Consumer Decision Making
Researchers are realising that
consumers possess a
repertoire of buying decision strategies.
A consumer evaluates
the level of
effort required to make a certain choice, then selects a
strategy best suited for the occasion. This
sequence is referred
to as constructive
processing and means
that consumers adjust their degree of cognitive "effort" to
the task at hand.
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5. A product or service that a person might buy to satisfy some needs
often comes at the expense of depriving another need as the person may be short
on resources. These compromises are described as motivational conflict. Explain
the principal form of motivational conflict with examples.
Motivational Conflict: “Variety is
the spice of
life.” Hardly anybody
is likely to
disagree with this saying.
For most of
us, too much
of the same
thing over and
over again turns out to be
unexciting, tasteless or boring. We are aware that consumers sometimes display
‘variety seeking’ behaviour
out of sheer
boredom or a desire for variety.
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6. Write a short notes on the following:
A. Involvement and types of
consumer behaviour
Consumer behaviour varies with involvement level on the one hand
and the degree of perceivable brand differences on the other. Figure 6.6 depicts the consumer involvement and the
complexity of the decision-making process. Considering the
level of consumer
involvement and the
complexity of
decision-making, four
types of consumer
choice processes or
buying behaviours emerge.
1. Complex decision-making (extensive problem solving behaviour) –This best describes the
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME -
MK0012- Retail Marketing
1. Discuss the Retail pricing
strategies.
Pricing is one of the most important variables in retail
decision-making. An integral part of the marketing mix, price is the one that
most easily elicits a response from consumers.
Setting the right
price can influence
the quantities of various products or services that consumers will buy,
which, in
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2 . Explain the factors affecting retail store locations Decisions.
Definition of Retailing
“Retailing
is a set of activities that enables selling of goods and commodities to the
customers or end consumer in small quantities”.
A retailer
is a person
or an outlet
through which products
or services are sold to customers or the end user.
Retailing
is one of the key elements of a marketing and distribution strategy; it ensures
that a product
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3. Explain the Retail Merchandising Management (RMM) in brief.
Definition of Retail Merchandising
Retail
Merchandising Management Process (RMM Process) Retail merchandising refers to the
process used to conduct retail sales. As part of the process, the
merchandiser pays close attention to the
different types of products
offered for sale,
how to present
those products to consumers
in a best way, and determine a
reasonable retail price for each unit
sold. Earlier, the
retailers were engaged
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4. Define e-tailing. Explain the future of electronic retailing.
E-tailing
Electronic
retailing, also known as e-tailing,
deals with selling products and services online via the Worldwide Web.
Internet retailing or ‘e-tailing’, as it is usually referred to, covers
retailing using a variety of different technologies or media.
It may be
broadly a combination
of two elements.
One
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5. Price is a highly sensitive and visible part of retail marketing
mix. Retailer’s overall profitability depends on Pricing. It plays an important
role in strategic decision making process. Explain various pricing strategies
are adapted by the retailer according to the situation.
Price is a highly sensitive and visible
part of retail marketing mix and has a bearing
on the retailer’s
overall profitability. Further,
pricing itself is an
essential part of
marketing mix and
has its own
place in the
strategic decision-making
process. In subsequent
sub-sections, you will
learn the various pricing
strategies.
1. Demand-oriented pricing
In
demand-oriented pricing, prices are based on what customers expect or may be
willing to pay.
It determines the
range of prices
affordable to the target market. In this method, retailers
not only
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6. Describe any three Rural retail strategies in brief.
Definition of Rural retail
The
retail companies with the best rural networks are pragmatic, patient and
strategic. They focus first on locations with the highest growth potential and
the lowest cost to serve; then uses these as a base to reach out into more remote
locations. There are more than 120,000 different rural settlements in
southwest
India. Single product building company found that 10% of villages accounted for
90% of sales.
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MK0013- MARKETING RESEARCH
1. Explain
the various types of Consumer and Business to Business (B2B) market research.
Types of consumer research
Types
of consumer research
|
Purpose
|
Advertising and promotion research
|
To gauge customer
responses to the
promotional measures
undertaken by the
company as well
as the effectiveness of each measure.
|
Customer satisfaction studies
|
To determine the level of customer satisfaction with the quality
of your product
and the way
you sell it
and deal with
your customers.
|
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2. Measurement can be defined as assigning symbols
or numbers to characteristics of objects. Scaling may be considered an
extension of measurement. It helps an investigator to quantify the variables
and assigning ranks to the items or subjects selected. Discuss the four primary
scales of Measurement.
Primary Scales of Measurement
A
primary scale of measurement is defined as assignment of numbers to the objects,
items, or events as per guidelines or rules or parameters. There arefour
primary scales of measurement as given below:
·
Nominal scale
·
Ordinal scale
·
Interval scale
·
Ratio scale
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3. Explain the process of sampling and
classification of non-probability sampling techniques.
Definition of sampling
Sampling is the process of selecting a suitable sample, or a
representative part of a
population for the
purpose of determining characteristics of the
whole population. The
main aim of
sampling is to
draw inferences about populations from samples, rather than a
complete enumeration (a census)
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4. In today’s business scenario, the major aim of
managers is to understand the stimuli or attitude which results in a specific
set of reactions and they are responsible to measure and interpret before it
occurs. Attitude measurement scales help managers in understanding consumer’s
attitudes, beliefs, preferences etc. These scaling techniques are of two types:
one is comparative scaling and another one is non-comparative scaling. Discuss
the types of non-comparative scaling which is used widely in commercial
marketing research studies with suitable examples .
Non-Comparative Scale
Non-comparative scaling is
referred as monadic
scaling i.e. only one object is
evaluated at a
time and no
comparison is made
with another object.
This is the more
widely used type
of scale in
commercial marketing research studies. Non-comparative scaling
techniques involve continuous
as
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5. A survey or Research is a term which means
analyzing the latest trends and collecting the related facts and figures for a
particular research. Online marketing research is used by the companies to
evaluate their sales performance. Discuss the types of Online marketing
research.
Online Marketing Research
A survey or research is a term which means analysing the latest trends and
collecting the related
facts and figures
for a particular
research. Online marketing
research is the process by which companies use the Internet to gather data
to evaluate how
well a product
or service is
selling to consumers.
Types of Online marketing research :
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6. Write a short notes on:
A. Various
types of Research(any five)
Various Types of Research
Following
are the main types of research:
·
Theoretical/Fundamental/Pure research
·
Applied or decisional research
·
Conceptual research
·
Historical research
·
Action research
·
Library research
·
Ex-post-facto research
·
Exploratory research
·
Descriptive research
·
Causal research
i) Theoretical/
Fundamental/Pure/ Basic research:
It is the
source of new theories,
principles and ideas.
It is used
to increase understanding of certain phenomena/ behaviour
but does not seek to solve any existing problem. Theoretical/Fundamental/Pure research
helps to broaden
the horizons
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