Tuesday 29 July 2014

MBA - SEM - 1 - SUMMER 2014

PROGRAM  - MBA
SEMESTER  1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME  MB0042- MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

1.  Define the term Business Cycle and also explain the phases of business or trade cycle in brief.

Business cycle:

The term business cycle refers to a wave-like fluctuation in the overall level  of  economic  activity;  particularly  in  national  output,  income, employment,  and  prices  that  occur  in  a  more  or  less  regular  time sequence.  It  is  the  rhythmic  fluctuations  in  the  aggregate  level  of economic  activity  of  a  nation.  Different  writers  have  defined  business cycles  in  different  ways.  Business  cycles  are  an  alternation  of  periods  of prosperity  and  depression  of  good  and  bad  trade.  Such  cycles  consist 

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2. Monopoly is the situation there exists a single control over the market producing a commodity having no substitutes with no possibilities for anyone to enter the industry to compete. In that situation, they will not charge a uniform price for all the customers in the market and also the pricing policy followed in that situation.

Meaning and definition

Monopoly  means  existence  of  a  single  seller  in  the  market.  Monopoly  is that market form in which a single producer controls the whole supply of a single commodity which has  no close substitutes.  Monopoly may be defined, as a condition of production in which a single firm has the power to  fix  the  price  of  the  commodity  or  the  output  of  the  commodity.  It  is  a situation  there  exists  a  single  control  over  the  market  producing  a commodity having no substitutes  with  no possibilities for any

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3. Fiscal policy is a package of economic measures of the government regarding public expenditure, public revenue, public debt or borrowings. It is very important since it refers to the budgetary policy of the government. Explain the fiscal policy and its instruments in detail.

Defination:

The term “fisc” in English language means “treasury”, and the policy related to treasury or government exchequer is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is a package of economic measures of the Government regarding public expenditure, public revenue, public debt or public borrowings. It concerns itself with the aggregate effects of government expenditure and taxation on income, production and employment. In short, it refers to the budgetary policy of the government.

Instruments of fiscal policy

The instruments of fiscal policy include:

1. Public revenue:

It refers to the income or receipts of public authorities. It is classified into two parts - tax-revenue and non-tax revenue. Taxes are the main source of revenue to a government. There are two types of taxes. They are direct taxes such as personal and corporate income tax, property tax, expenditure tax, and

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4. Explain the various methods of forecasting demand.

Definition of Demand Forecasting

Demand  forecasting  seeks  to  investigate  and  measure  the forces  that  determine  sales  for  existing  and  new  products.  Generally companies plan their business  -  production or sales in anticipation of future demand. Hence,  forecasting future demand becomes important. The art of successful business lies in avoiding or minimizing the risks involved as far as possible and facing  the uncertainties in a most befitting manner.  Thus, demand forecasting  refers to an estimation of most likely future demand  for
a product, under given conditions.

Forecasting Methods

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5. Define monopolistic competition and explain its characteristics.

Monopolistic Competition

Perfect  competition  and  monopoly  are  two  extreme  forms  of  market situations,  rarely  to  be  found  in  the  real  world.   Generally,  markets  are imperfect.

Prof.  Chamberlin  is  the  main  architect  of  the  theory  of  Monopolistic Competition.  This  market  exhibits  the  characteristics  of  both  perfect competition  and  monopoly.  Since  modern  markets  are 

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6. When should a firm in perfectly competitive market shut down its operation


Perfect Competition

A perfectly competitive market is one in which the number of  buyers and sellers  are  large,  all  engaged  in  buying  and  selling  a  homogeneous product  without  any  artificial  restriction  and,  possessing  perfect knowledge  of  the  market  at  a  time.  According  to  Bilas,  “the  perfect competition is characterised by the presence of many  firms;  they all sell the same product  which is identical. The

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PROGRAM  - MBA, SEMESTER -  I
SUBJECT CODE : MB0041
SUBJECT NAME : FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING


1  Inventory in a business is valued at the end of an accounting period, at either cost or market price, whichever is lower. This is accepted convention or a practice in accounting. Give a small introduction on accounting conventions and elucidate all the eight accounting conventions.

Introduction of accounting convention

Accounting  conventions  are  the  rules  based  on  which  accounting  takes place  and  these  rules  are  universally  accepted.  There  are  ten  types  of accounting  conventions,  namely  convention  of  income  recognition, convention  of  expense,  convention  of  matching  cost  and  revenue, convention 

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2.  Analyse the following transactions according to traditional approach.
b.  2.1.2011 Borrowed from Malathi Rs. 5,00,000
c.  2.1.2011 Purchased furniture Rs. 1,00,000
d.  4.1.2011 Purchased furniture from Meenal on credit Rs. 1,50,000
e.  5.1.2011 Purchased goods for cash Rs. 50,000
f.  6.1.2011 Purchased goods from Ram on credit Rs. 2,50,000
g.  8.1.2011 Sold goods for cash Rs. 1,25,000
h.  8.1.2011 Sold goods to Shyam on credit Rs. 55,000
i.  9.1.2011 Received cash from Shyam Rs. 25,000
j.  10.1.2011 Paid cash to Ram Rs. 90,000

Journal Entries

Date
Particulars
Amount
(Dr.)
Amount
(Cr.)
1-Jan-13
Cash a/c                                                         Dr.
                To Capital a/c
(Being Sunitha started his business with cash Rs. 5,00,000)
5,00,000

5,00,000
2-Jan-13
Cash a/c                                                         Dr.
                To Malathi a/c
(Being Borrowed from Malathi Rs. 5,00,000)
5,00,000

5,00,000

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3. The following items are found in the trial balance of M/s Sharada Enterprise on 31st December, 2000.

Sundry Debtors                                                                                         Rs.160000 
Bad Debts written off                                                                             Rs 9000
Discount allowed to Debtors                                                                Rs. 1800
Reserve for Bad and doubtful Debts 31-12-1999                                      Rs. 16500
Reserve for discount on Debtors 31-12-1999                                Rs. 3200
You  are  required  to  provide  the  bad  and  doubtful  debts  at  5%  and  for discount  on  debtors  at  2%.  Show  the  adjustments  for  bad  debts,  bad  debts reserve, discount account, and provision for discount on debtors.

Answer:
The amount debited to P&L account towards RBD is computed as follows:
Old RBD    =  Rs.  16500
(-) Bad debts  =  Rs.  9000
Balance  =  Rs.  7500

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4.  The reports prepared in financial accounting are also used in the management accounting. But there are few major differences between financial accounting and management accounting. Explain the differences between financial accounting and management accounting in various dimensions.

Difference between financial accounting and management accounting





Dimension 
Financial accounting
Management accounting
Users 
The primary users of financial accounting information are external users like shareholders, creditors, government authorities, employees, etc.
The primary users of management accounting are internal users like top, middle,and lower level managers.

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5. Draw the Balance Sheet for the following information provided by Sandeep Ltd..
a.  Current Ratio                                                    :  2.50
b.  Liquidity Ratio                                                  :  1.50
c.  Net Working Capital                                       :  Rs.300000
d.  Stock Turnover Ratio                                     :  6 times
e.  Ratio of Gross Profit to Sales                      :  20%
f.  Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio                          : 2 times
g.  Average Debt collection period                 :  2 months
h.  Fixed Assets to Net Worth                          :  0.80
i.  Reserve and Surplus to Capital                   :  0.50



A.  Preparation of Balance sheet (Includes all the ratios)


Balance sheet
Liabilities
Rs.
Assets
Rs.
Capital
500000
Fixed Assets
600000
Reserves and Surplus
250000
Inventories
200000
Long-term Debt
150000
Debtors
250000

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6. Write the main differences between cash flow analysis and fund flow analysis.

Following is the balance sheet for the period ending 31st March 2011  and 2012. If the current year’s net loss is Rs.38,000, Calculate the cash flow from operating activities.


31st MARCH
2011                2012
Short-term loan to employees                     15,000             18,000
Creditors                                                        30,000             8,000
Provision for doubtful debts                        1,200               -
Bills payable                                                   18,000             20,000
Stock in trade                                                15,000             13,000
Bills receivable                                               10,000             22,000
Prepaid expenses                                           800                  600
Outstanding expenses                                   300                  500


A  Differences between cash flow and fund flow analysis


Cash Flow Analysis
Fund Flow Analysis
1.   It is concerned only with the
1.   It is concerned with change in working
change in cash position
capital position between two balance
2.   It is merely a record of cash
sheet dates.

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PROGRAM  - MBA
SEMESTER  I
SUBJECT CODE & NAME  - MB0040
STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT

1.  Distinguish  between  Classification  and  Tabulation.  Explain  the  structure  and components of a Table with an example.

Meaning of Classification and Tabulation

Classification is a process of arranging things or data in groups or classes according to their resemblances and affinities

Definition of classification
Classification is the  process of arranging data into sequences and groups according to their common characteristics or separating them into different but related parts – Secrist

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2.  a) Describe the characteristics of Normal probability distribution.

a)            Characteristics of Normal probability distribution

The following are some of the characteristics of normal distribution:

1.  Normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution
2.  Its probability density function is given by:

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2. b)  In a sample of 120 workers in a factory, the mean and standard deviation of wages were Rs. 11.35 and Rs.3.03 respectively. Find the percentage of workers getting wages between  Rs.9  and  Rs.17  in  the  whole  factory  assuming  that  the  wages  are  normally distributed.


Answer:

Let the wages be X. Then, X is a normal variate with parameters µ=11.35 and σ=3.03
Therefore,  Z =  =   is a standard normal variate.
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3.  a)  The  procedure  of  testing  hypothesis  requires  a  researcher  to  adopt  several  steps. Describe in brief all such steps.

Steps are as follows: -

Step 1 : State null hypothesis (H0) and alternate hypothesis (H1).

Step 2: State the level of significance. This gives you the tabulated normal/’t’ – value.

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3. b) Distinguish between:
i. Stratified random sampling and Systematic sampling
ii. Judgement sampling and Convenience sampling 

Ans : i. Stratified random sampling and Systematic sampling

Stratified random sampling :

This sampling design is most appropriate if the population is heterogeneous with  respect  to  characteristic  under  study  or  the  population  distribution  is highly skewed.
We subdivide the population into several groups or strata such that:

i)  Units within each stratum is more homogeneous
ii)  Units between strata are heterogeneous
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3. b. ii. Judgement sampling and Convenience sampling 

Judgment sampling :
The  choice  of  sample  items  depends  exclusively  on  the  judgment  of  the investigator.  The  investigator’s  experience  and  knowledge  about  the population will help to select the sample units. It is the most suitable method if the population size is less.  The below table depicts  the merits and demerits of judgement sampling.
Table : Merits and Demerits of Judgement Sampling

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4.  a) What is regression analysis? How does it differ from correlation analysis?

Correlation

When two or more variables move in sympathy with the other, then they are said to be correlated. If both variables move in the same direction, then they are  said  to  be  positively  correlated.  If  the  variables  move  in  the  opposite direction,  then  they  are  said  to  be  negatively  correlated.  If  they 
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4. b) Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation between X series and Y series.
X  110        120  130   120  140  135  155  160  165  155
Y  12           18     20     15     25      30     35      20    25    10

Answer: -

Below table  depicts the sums calculated for the data depicted in table ,

X2
Y2
XY
110
12
12100
144
1320
120
18
14400
324
2160
130
20
16900
400
2600

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5.  Briefly explain the methods and theories of Business forecasting.

Meaning of Business forecasting: Business  forecasting  refers  to  the  analysis  of  past  and  present  economic conditions  with  the  object  of  drawing  inferences  about  probable  future business  conditions.  The  process  of  making  definite  estimates  of  future course of events is referred to as forecasting and the figure or statements obtained from the process is known as ‘forecast’;  future course

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6. Construct  Fisher’s Ideal Index for the given information and check whether Fisher’s formula satisfies Time Reversal and Factor Reversal Tests.
Items  P0       Q0       P1        Q1
A         16       5          20       6
B         12       10       18       12
C          14       8          16       10
D         20       6          22       10
E          80       3          90       5
F          40       2          50       5

Answer: -

Formula of Fishers Ideal Index
Computation of Fisher’s Ideal Index


Items 
P0 
Q0 
P1 
Q1
P0Q0
P0Q1
P1Q0
P1Q1
16
5
20
6
80
96
100
120
12
10
18
12
120
144
180
216

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PROGRAM  - MBA
SEMESTER  1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0039 –Business Communication


1.  As a speaker you are addressing a group of people. Explain the elements involved in this communication.

The elements involved in communication are:

•             Sender or encoder  –  This is the person who transmits a message. For example, a manager writing a  letter  to a consultant after a meeting  or a sales  manager  making  a  presentation  to  the  sales  team.  Here  the manager is the sender

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2.  What is the importance of Kinesics and Proxemics in communication? Explain with examples.

Kinesics with example

Kinesics  is  the  most  often  studied  and  important  area  of  non-verbal communication and refers to body movements of any kind.  Different body movements  can  express  inner  states  of  emotion.  The  different  body movements are:

•             Facial  expressions  –  Facial  expressions  can  convey  feelings  of surprise, happiness, anger and sadness. If you meet a long lost friend and  say  “I  am  very  happy  to  meet  you  again”,  but  with  a 
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3.  How does internal business communication affect the organization? Discuss the role of each stakeholder in this.

Internal business communication

Internal  business  communication  is  the  exchange  of  information  within  a company.

Superiors
Every organisation has a formal reporting system. Superiors are the higher ups  in  the  organisation  to  whom  you  report.  The  frequency  of  interaction with them will vary, depending on your position and responsibilities, as well as  their  need  for  information.  As  a  salesperson,  you  may  have  to  submit

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4.  Imagine a new product from food industry. Write a persuasive letter to customers, persuading them to buy your company’s product.

Below is the persuasive letter of the product with services of HAPPY RESORTS.

Happy Resorts
Dehradun
Contact: xxx-xxx-xxxx

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5.  You are going to face a job interview for the post of Manager-operations. Which aspects you will keep in mind while facing the interview?

Aspects to be kept in mind during job interview are as follows:

·         Opening  formalities  –  Since  it  is  important  to  create  a  good  first impression, the way you greet and introduce yourself is important. Using the name of the interviewer correctly, giving a firm handshake, waiting till you are asked to be seated and sitting with an erect posture are common courtesies that should be observed to project a good image.

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6.  Write short notes on:

a) SQ3R technique of reading

b) Circulars

a) meaning and benefits of SQ3R

SQ3R  technique  of  reading  was  developed  by  Robinson  in  his  book "Effective Study" (1970). SQ3R stands for the initial letters of the five steps.

1.  Survey  –  Survey refers to a quick glance through the title page, preface and chapter headings of a text. By surveying, you will be able to gauge the main ideas of the text. Besides, the author’s name, date, place of publication and title page can give you an idea of the general subject area. The table of
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b) Meaning and role of Circulars

A circular letter is an effective means of creating interest among a large number of people regarding goods or services. Here we going to describe here importance of circular letter.

Importance of a circular letter can be discussed in terms of following aspects:

Circular letter helps to create a new market for a specific product or service and therefore causes development of business.
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Program  - MBA
Semester  1
Subject code & name  MB0038 : Management Process and Organisational Behaviour

1.  What do you mean by Span of Control? Differentiate between narrow span of control and wide span of control. Describe the factors that influence the span of control.

A  Meaning of ‘span of control’

The term span of control indicates the  number  of employees or managers who work under one head. Span of control may be narrow or broad. When a  very few people report to a head and a chain is made that  way  upward,  then  it  is  called  narrow  span.  Thus  in  a  narrow 

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2.  Define the term controlling. What are the pre-requisites of effective control?

Definition of controlling
Controlling can be defined as measuring and correcting of performance to achieve  the  organisational  goals.  According  to  Brech,  “Controlling  is  a systematic  exercise  which  is  called  as  a  process  of  checking  actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure adequate progress and also recording such experience  as is gained as a

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3.  Define the term ‘personality’. Describe Cattell’s Personality Factor Model.

Personality  can  be  defined  as  a  dynamic  and  organised  set  of characteristics  possessed  by  a  person  which  uniquely  influences  his/her knowledge,  motivations  and  behaviour  in  various  situations  (Ryckman, 2004).  According  to  Pervin,  Cervone  &  John,  (2005),  personality  refers  to those  characteristics  of  the  person  that  account  for  consistent 

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4.  Discuss the contemporary theories of motivation.

Contemporary Theories of Motivation
ERG  Theory:  Alderfer  (1972)  classifies  needs  into  three  categories   – 1)  The  existence  category  that  provides  our  basic  material  existence requirements  (akin  to  Maslow’s  physiological  and  safety),  2)  Relatedness category which provides relationship and social status (akin to Social) and 3) Growth category which refers  to  personal development (akin to

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5. What are the factors that affect group behaviour?  

There are several factors that affect group behaviour in addition to the group process. These factors affect the group process and group decision making and hence it is important to learn about them.

Norms
Norms  can  be  defined  as  “acceptable  standards  of  behaviour  that  are shared  by  the  group  members.”  This  is  a  guideline  for  members  detailing what  they  ought  and  ought  not  to  do  under  certain  circumstances.  Norms can  be  classified  into  many  categories.  Out 

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6.  Define the term ‘leadership’. Write a brief note on “Contingency Theories of Leadership”

Definitions of leadership
Warren  Bennis'  definition  of  leadership  is  focused  much  more  on  the individual  capability  of  the  leader:  "Leadership  is  a  function  of  knowing yourself,  having  a  vision  that  is  well  communicated,  building  trust  among colleagues,  and  taking  effective  action  to  realise  your  own  leadership potential."
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PROGRAM  - MBA
SEMESTER  1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0043 –Human Resource Management

1.  What do you mean by Human Resource Management? Describe the functions of Human Resource Management.

Definition of Human Resource Management

One  of  the  most  useful  definitions  of  Human  Resources  Management (HRM) is provided by Fisher, Schoendfelt and Shaw in their book “Human Resources  Management,“  HRM  involves  all  management  decisions  and practices  that  directly  affect  or  influence  the  people  or  Human  resources who work

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2. Discuss the elements of a Career Planning Programme. Explain some of the benefits of a Career Planning program to an organization.

Elaborate the elements of a Career Planning Programme

There are four distinct elements of career planning programme:
·         Individual assessment and need analysis
·         Organisational assessment and opportunity analysis

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3.  What do you mean by HRIS? Explain the components of HRIS. Describe the different applications of HRIS in Human Resource Management.

Definition of HRIS

HRIS,  HR  Technology  or  HR  modules  are  an  intersection  between  HRM and IT. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the IT field, whereas the planning and programming of data processing systems evolved into standardised routines and packages of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems  have  their  origin  in  software  that  integrates  information  from different applications into one universal database. The

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4.  “Discipline in the broad sense means orderliness-the opposite of confusion.” What do you mean by Discipline? Explain the basic guidelines of a Disciplinary policy.

Meaning of Discipline

Discipline  is  employee  self-control  which  prompts  him/her  to  willingly  cooperate with the organisational standards, rules, objectives, etc.

Discipline is best defined as the observation of principles, rules or any other laid down procedures, practices, written or otherwise in the organisation by the employees or group of employees, to whom
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5.  Suppose you have joined as an HR and you have been assigned a task to carry out the grievance handling procedure in your organization. What according to you are the causes of Grievance? Describe in detail the Grievance handling procedure.

Causes of Grievance

Grievances may occur for a number of reasons:

(a)  Economic:  Wage  fixation,  over  time  bonus,  wage  revision  etc. Employees may feel that they are paid less when compared to others.


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6.  Write short notes on the following :

a)Competency Mapping
b)Flexi Time

Competency Mapping

Employee  skills,  knowledge  and  abilities  are  not  sufficient  to  achieve  the desired  goals.  Additional  skills  such  as  mind-set,  values,  belief  and commitment  are  required  by  employees  to  achieve  their  desired performance. Thus competency is the sum of knowledge, skills, attitude and personality 
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