PROGRAM - MBA
SEMESTER - III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - IB0010 & INTERNATIONAL
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
1. Explain the difference between
International Financial Management and Domestic Financial Management? Signify the
goals of international financial management?
Difference between international financial management and domestic
financial management.
International financial
management is concerned with the financial decisions that are taken in
the field of international business. The general agreement on Trade and Tariffs
were set up in the immediate post-war years in order to increase trade. It led
to the reduction of trade barriers over the years and as a result,
international trade grew manifold. It also resulted in the increase of the
involvement of the trader’s exporters and importers as well as the quantum of
the cross-country transactions. And these required that the international flow
of funds is properly managed for which the study of international finance
management became important.
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2. Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of fixed and floating rates systems? Elaborate foreign exchange
transactions?
Advantages of fixed rates system
1. The system provides
exchange rates stability by eliminating uncertainty.
2. Volatility of
exchange rate is controlled as it insulates the economy from external
disturbances.
3. Foreign investors
are encouraged to invest in countries without the fear of exchange rate
fluctuations.
4. Poorer nations could
get foreign exchange for development purposes at low costs.
Disadvantages of fixed rates system
1. The system required
regular rigorous control and monitoring by the monetary authorities.
2. The system is not
self equilibrating therefore over-valuation and undervaluation existed.
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3. Explain the concept of Swap.
Write down its features and various types of interest rate swap.
Swap is an agreement between two or more parties to exchange
sets of cash flows over a period in future. The parties that agree to swap are
known as counter parties. It is a combination of a purchase with a simultaneous
sale for equal amount but different dates. Swaps are used by corporate houses
and
banks as an innovating
financing instrument that decreases borrowing costs and increases control over
other financial instruments. It is an agreement to exchange payments of two
different kinds in the future. Financial swap is a funding technique that
permits a borrower to access one market and then
exchange
the liability for another type of liability. The first swap contract was
negotiated in 1981
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4. Elaborate on meaning of foreign
exchange exposure. Explain the types of foreign exposure.
Meaning of foreign exchange exposure
The foreign exchange
exposure of a firm can be defined as a measure of the sensitivity of its cash
flows to changes in exchange rates. Due to the difficulty of measuring cash
flows, exposure is examined by most of the researchers through the study of how
a firm’s market value responds to the changes in the exchange rates.
The value
of a currency in a floating exchange-rate regime changes frequently and these
changes influence the value of those firms involved in international
transactions. A number of changes occur in
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5. Write short notes on:
International Credit Markets
International Bond Markets
International Credit Markets
International credit
markets are the forum where companies and governments can obtain credit (loans in
various forms) from the creditors/investors. These markets are an important
part of international capital markets. International capital market is that
financial market or world financial centre where shares, bonds, debentures,
currencies, mutual funds and other long term securities are purchased and sold.
These markets provide the opportunity for international companies and investors
to deal in shares and bonds of different companies from various countries. Two
very important aspects of international
credit
market are the syndicated loans and impact of credit crisis on the credit
market, which are
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6. Country risk is the risk of
investing in a country, where a change in the business environment adversely
affects the profit or the value of the assets in a specific country. Explain
the country risk factors and assessment of risk factors.
Introduction of country risk factors
We can define country
risk as the risk of losing money due to changes that can occur in a country’s
government or regulatory environment. The most common examples are acts of war,
civil wars, terrorism and military coups, etc. It comes in various forms: for
example, change in the government of a country, a new president or prime
minister, some new laws, a ruling party becoming minority, and so on. Such
changes do impact a country’s economic environment. They have a great impact on
the investor’s perception about a country’s prospects. Factors determining the
extent of political risk for a country The factors determining the extent of
political risk for a country are broadly classified into:
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PROGRAM - MBA
SEMESTER - III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME IB0011– International Marketing
1. Briefly explain the concept of
international marketing with suitable examples.
Concept of International Marketing
The concept
of International Marketing primarily involves an application of marketing
tools and techniques
to develop and
manage trade across
international boundaries. The
principle of international
marketing in its
simplest meaning is based upon
an understanding of the
consumer needs in global
markets. Therefore, the
traditional definition of
a successful marketing programme focuses on two
concepts, determining the needs
of market consumers in a selected
market, delivering those needs and serving
those consumers in
a better manner
than other global
players in consonance
with
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2. Write short notes on the
following:
a. Intellectual property
b. Counterfeiting
a. Intellectual property
Intellectual Property
(IP) is defined
by World Intellectual
Property Organisation (WIPO)
as creations of
the mind such
as inventions, literary
and artistic works
and symbols, names,
images and designs
used in commerce.
Copyright, patent and
industrial designs are
some of the
intellectual properties.
Copyright relates to the rights of creators of literary, scientific and artistic works while patents give exclusive rights to inventors.
Inventions
can be patented only if they are new, not
obvious and capable of
industrial applications. Industrial
designs are new
or original aesthetic
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3. What are the criteria of
selection of international market entry modes?
Selection of International Market Entry Modes
Once we know about
the various entry modes, one has
to decide an entry mode best
suited for the
firms’ requirements in
the international markets.
Entry modes may
vary from company
to company or
even for a
single company depending upon a
variety of factors as discussed below:
·
Size of
the company – Generally,
larger companies have
large financial resources
and manpower skill
to handle international
operations in a
competitively better manner.
Therefore, they enter
the international markets using the investment and long-term commitment.
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4. What is counter-trade? Describe
the various types of counter-trade.
Counter-Trade
Counter-trade is
one of the oldest forms
of trade wherein
the buyer pays something other
than money for
purchase of goods
and services. It
is a practice that requires a
seller as a condition of sale to commit
contractually to reciprocate and
undertake certain business
initiatives that compensate and benefit the buyer.
Counter-trade has been on
the rise, primarily due to its inherent advantages vis-à-vis monetary
transaction, such as:
·
It provides a trade financing alternative to those countries that
have an international debt and liquidity problems.
·
It helps to access new markets where
payment problems exist.
·
It helps promote bilateral trade
agreements between the governments.
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5. Differentiate
between direct and indirect distribution channels in international marketing.
Indirect channel
An indirect channel is
employed when a manufacturer in a country markets his/her products through another firm located
in the
domestic market, which acts as the manufacturer's sales intermediary
(middleman). For instance, an Indian
firm making use of another Indian firm located domestically to market its product overseas. Here,
the sales intermediary is just
another local firm for the manufacturer
because there are no dealings
with a foreign
firm
abroad. There
are several advantages
to be gained
by employing an
indirect
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6. Explain export transaction
framework.
Export Transaction Framework
Export transaction starts
when an exporter finds a buyer in a foreign country and enters into an export contract with
him/her. This contract should clearly
specify the type, quantity and quality of goods; terms of payment, date of delivery,
port of loading
and discharge; shipping,
packing and labelling; insurance and validity of the
contract.
International
commercial terms (INCOTERMS) are the shipping and delivery terms accepted
and known internationally. The
contract will indicate
the incoterms
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PROGRAM - MBA -
SEMESTER - 3
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - IB0012 – Management of
Multinational Corporations
1. Define Multi-National
Corporations & Transnational Corporations? What are the Main difference between MNC & TNC?
Multinational Corporation: Definition and Characteristics
Multinational Corporations
(MNCs) are business entities that operate in more than one country. MNCs are
entities that undertake foreign direct investment.
They own or control income
generation assets in more than one country, produce goods and services in the
host country and sell in international markets. In other words, MNCs have their
home in one country but operate in many countries under different laws, customs
and regulations.
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2. What are the different types of
organizational structures discuss in detail?
Types of Organizational Structures
In order to operate
efficiently, an organization needs to develop a structure that fulfills its
requirements. For many organizations, an organizational structure refers to a
hierarchy of people and their functions. The character of the organization and
its values are reflected through the organization’s structure.
Hence, it
is essential to learn and understand an organization’s structure before entering
into a business deal with them. Knowledge of an organization’s structure also
proves to be helpful when applying for a job in that organization. Based on the
nature of business and values, an organization adopts one of the many structures
available. An organization usually follows one
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3. Write a note on concept of
organizational control & characteristics of effective control?
Concept of Organization Control
Control is
very important both in organized living as well as ‘living’ organizations. When
things go smoothly as planned, they are considered to be under control. ‘Self-control’
is a word we are all familiar with and which simply means that we discipline
ourselves in such a manner that we strictly adhere to our plans for our lives
and generally do not deviate from these plans. Controls are there to ensure that
events turn out the way they are intended to. It is a dynamic process,
requiring deliberate and purposeful actions in order to ensure compliance with
the plans and policies previously developed. This means that the managerial
functions of planning and
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4. Explain in detail about
logistic system analysis & trade-offs of logistic analysis.
1. Logistics System Analysis
The primary objective of
logistics system analysis is the design of logistics system that supports the
strategic goals of the organization. Thus, the very starting point of the
analysis of logistics management is the understanding of the goals and
strategies of the organization. When we say organizations goal and strategy, we
mean, the choice of produces, markets to be served, level of service. All these
factors affect the procurement, distribution, manufacturing and inventories as
must be integrated and should support the strategy.
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5. Define Foreign Direct
Investment & types of Foreign direct investment?
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Meaning and Definition
Foreign direct investment is
one of the most effective methods of cross-border investing. A foreign national
may want to invest in a country offering new markets, higher returns or cheaper
factor costs.
Generally, there are two
kinds of cross-border investments.
(i) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Investments made by a
company or entity based in one country, into a company or entity based in
another country
(ii) Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI):Investments
undertaken for the purpose of returns without any burden of decision-making United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) defines FDI as an
‘investment made to acquire lasting interest in enterprises
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6. Explain in detail Foreign
Policy of India.
FDI Policy of India
In order to augment FDI
inflows, the government had taken various steps to liberalize the FDI regime in
2010 by allowing overseas investments in bee-keeping and
share-pledging for raising external debt. The government also allowed hundred
per cent foreign investment in single-brand retail.
1. Routes for FDI in India
The two routes for FDI
investment in India are:
(i) Government Route: For investment in business sectors requiring prior approval
from the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB).
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PROGRAM - MBA -
SEMESTER - 3
SUBJECT CODE &
NAME - IB0013 Export- Import management
1. What are the key processes
involved in starting export business?
Key processes involved in starting export business
The various approaches of
exporting are classified as follows:
·
golden rule
·
selling experience
·
selling in export
·
on-time deliveries
·
communication
·
testing products
·
preliminaries for starting export business
Golden Rule: - The Golden Rule primarily focuses on the initial
approach of doing market research successfully in the overseas market. This is
an important issue in exporting. Companies must fully research their markets.
There is also a need for most of companies to consider the changing overseas
design and product requirements in their market assessment.
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2. Explain in detail procedure for
the allotment of importer-exporter code number?
Procedure for the Allotment of Importer-Exporter Code Number
Opening current account with the bank
The entrepreneur should now
open an account with a scheduled commercial bank initially; one may open an
account with the branch of the bank where the requirement of minimum balance is
the lowest. It is however, important to open the account with the branch that
deals in foreign exchange and also accepts the export-import documents for
negotiation and other related dealings.
Once the bank account has
been opened, the business firm is established.
The next step is to apply
for the grant of IEC number.
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3. What are the format and
contents of an international export contract?
Format and Contents of an International Export Contract
The contracts are based on
the contents rather than the format of a contract which spells out the terms
and conditions. In particular:
·
specific terms and conditions pertaining to the
product/products that are subject matter of sale/purchase
·
general terms and conditions
In the
first group, quality and specifications of the product are to be included. These
would naturally differ from product to product. It is essential that in the contract,
detailed and careful description is given about the characteristics, design and
specifications of the product. As far as general conditions are concerned, the
standardized position can be a good guide, but it is
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4. What are the various Risk
management service available in India?
Risk Management Services Available in India
Depending upon the type and
range of risk services required by the producers/ exporters, a number of
sources are available which include some multilateral and bilateral risk
providers as well as some local private insurance companies. Some brief details
are provided on these sources below:
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) – It is part
of the World Bank Group, where its role is to promote foreign direct investment
into developing countries. MIGA is a global insurer to private investors and
also an adviser to countries on foreign investment. It is a
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5. Explain in detail about Quality
Assurance Certification procedure to be followed.
Quality Assurance Certification
The model of a process-based
quality management system decides the different input requirements on the
grounds of customer needs. It aims at achieving customer satisfaction through steady
improvement in the product quality. The different elements of a quality
management system are as follows:
Documentation
The Quality Management
System needs different documents for representing:
(a) quality
policy and its objectives (b) quality manual and (c) procedures required to
guarantee
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6. Explain in detail about export
opportunities and capabilities for service sector.
Export Opportunities and Capabilities for Service Sector
As per Central Statistics
Office (CSO)’s classification, the services have been divided into four broad
categories, namely a) trade, hotels, and restaurants; b) transport, storage,
and communication; c) financing, insurance, real estate, and business services;
and d) community, social, and personal services.
General Agreement on Trade
in Services (GATS) covers a wide range of economic activities in the category
of tradable services. The WTO secretariat has divided these divergent
activities into the following 12 sectors which have been further sub-divided
into 155 sub-sectors. The 12
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