PROGRAMME - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MI0038- ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MI0038- ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
1. Define Information System. What are the different components of an information system? Briefly explain the different components of an information system
(a) Information System
Have you ever
noticed how does
an enterprise make
its decisions? It is information that enables an enterprise to make
sound decisions and win in today’s
competitive world. In other words, you
can say that information is a valuable asset of
an enterprise, which
ensures effective business
decision
making. Therefore, an enterprise should manage and store its
information in a manner
so that it
can be easily
retrieved as and
when required.
Information System (IS) is a set of interrelated
components, which collects, stores,
processes, generates, and
disseminates information for
effective business decision
making.
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2. Define Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Briefly explain the major
benefits of an ERP system.
Enterprise Resource Planning
ERP is an information
system that controls and integrates all the business functions of
an organisation. It
is a multi-module
application that integrates
the activities of different
departments, such as
production, finance, human resource and marketing.
According to Deloitte
Consulting, “ERP is a packaged business software system that enables a
company to automate and integrate the majority of its business processes;
share common data
and practices across
the enterprise; and produces
and access information
in a real-time environment”.
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3. Briefly explain the steps adopted by all organisations while selecting
an ERP system.
ERP Selection Process
From
the discussion so far, you can conclude
that selecting an appropriate ERP
system is essential
for the growth
of an organisation.
For this, an organisation
follows a step-by-step approach so that it can select a system that
is as per
its requirements. Since
every organisation has
different requirements, the
process of selecting
an ERP system
varies across different
organisations. However, there
are some common
steps that are adopted by all organisations while selecting an ERP
system. These steps are:
Assessing
business requirements: Before
selecting an ERP system, an organisation
first needs to define its requirements accurately. While defining its requirements, it should consider the
following
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4. Explain the benefits and limitations of ERP inventory management
system. What are the major functions of
inventory management module.
Benefits of ERP inventory management
system
The main
advantage of the
ERP inventory management
system is that
it integrates all the departments
and branches of an organisation located
in different parts of the world. Apart from this, following are some of the other benefits of the ERP inventory management
system:
·
It enables
an organisation to
consistently track the
level of inventory
available, thereby, planning the stock to be purchased.
·
It helps
in tracking the movement of materials in an organisation.
·
It
facilitates effective communication within and outside the organisation.
·
It provides
details of all
the activities involved
in the inventory
management process of an organisation.
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5. Explain the role of ERP in sales and distribution. Briefly explain
the sub-modules of the sales and distribution module.
Role of ERP in Sales and Distribution
These products
and services are passed
through an extensive distribution network before they reach the end users.
This distribution network
involves wholesalers, retailers,
and commission agents. An
effective distribution network helps in delivering the right
product to the right customer at the right time. This ultimately helps in increasing the sales and profit of an
organisation.
To achieve
higher sales volume
and profit margins,
most organisations implement
an ERP system
with sales and
distribution functionality. The sales and
distribution module of an
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6. Define the role of vendors and consultants in ERP implementation.
Role of a vendor
A vendor
provides ERP systems
to client organisations
as per their
requirements at a
mutually agreed price.
Generally, a contractual agreement is
signed between a
vendor and a
client organisation. This agreement states
all the terms
and conditions related
to the system’s functions, level of quality, price,
and performance. After an ERP
system is purchased
by an organisation, a team
of experts (vendor) need
to install the
system and ensure
its operational efficiency. Most of the vendors appoint a
liaison officer to keep track on the activities of this team of experts. Apart from this, the team
is responsible for providing
training to the organisation’s employees, so that they can
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PROGRAM – MBA - SEMESTER - IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MI0039- E-COMMERCE
1. Write short note on the
following:
a. Internet
b. Web page
c. Web browser
d. Web server
e. Website
(a) The Internet
The Internet
is an interconnected computer
network that connects
two or more computers. It uses Transmission
Communication Protocol and Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) to transmit or
exchange data. The Internet does not have
a centra lised governing
body for its
technical implementation or
defining policies to access or use its services. The general idea of
introducing the Internet was
to allow people
to share information
from their computers
across the world.
Let us discuss
how the Internet
started and evolved
through the years.
In the
year 1962, J.C.R.
Licklider was the
first person to
propose the development of a
global network of computers. In
late 1962, he moved to the Defence
Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for
continuing his work in developing
a network of
computers. Meanwhile, Leonard
Kleinrock had developed the theory of packet switching, which was used
as a
basis for Internet
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2. Briefly explain the following E-Commerce models.
a. Business to Consumer (B2C)
b. Business to Business (B2B)
c. Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
d. Consumer to Business (C2B)
1.
Business to Consumer
(B2C): The Internet
has changed the
way customers purchase or sell goods. They use online
shopping portals to buy products, such as apparels, shoes, electronics,
automobiles, tours packages and so on.
The B2C model
involves purchase and
sale transactions between
organisations and customers over the Internet. Etailers use websites
to create online shopping portals
for offering their products to customers in the form of online
catalogues or newsletters that carry
product description, reviews
and price comparisons
with offline shopping. The
B2C model encompasses banking and financial services,
travel and tours
services and shopping
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3. Define E-Customer Relationship
Management (E-CRM). Briefly explain the common components of an E-CRM
framework.
E-Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM)
CRM refers to marketing
activities intended at establishing,
developing and maintaining successful
customer relationships. CRM is
transformed into ECRM
by consolidating existing
CRM activities with
prevalent Web technologies.
E-CRM is the
process of increasing
sales to the
existing customer and
promoting continuous relationships
through the use of
technologies such as e-mail, chat rooms
and social media marketing.
E-CRM helps
organisations in understanding
customers’ needs and
their buying behaviour to
leverage better and improved products or
services. ECRM is also referred to as web-enabled or web-
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4. Briefly explain the
developments that IT has driven in the banking industry.
Eight types of development
1. Electronic Payment
Services - E Cheques:
Banks have come up with a
new technology for
enabling electronic payments
through e-cheques. Echeques will largely replace the use of
conventional paper cheques.
2. Real Time
Gross Settlement (RTGS): The
Real Time Gross
Settlement system has been prevalent in the Indian banking industry
since March 2004. RTGS technology can
be used to
give banks electronic
instructions to transfer funds
from one’s own
accounts to accounts
in other banks.
The RTGS system is regulated and
run by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and offers
a means to
efficiently
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5. What is online publishing?
Explain the different ways to publish information using the internet.
Online Publishing
Online publishing is the
process of using computers and software
to create text and graphics
to develop Internet-based documents,
such as newsletters, online magazines, books,
brochures, catalogues, blogs and the
like. The benefits of e-publishing include the following:
·
Online publishing
requires very little
investment by the
publisher, encouraging new
writers to publish their manuscripts, articles or books.
·
The publishing
time for accepted
manuscripts is reduced
as online publishing broadcasts
selected work much
faster than traditional
publishing houses. Online publishing provides greater
flexibility to the relationship
between the writer and the
publisher. The changes required at both
sides can be quickly implemented.
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6. Briefly explain the potential
threats to online security.
Major Threats to Online Security
1. Viruses and Worms
The major
threats to online
security are viruses
and worms. These
harm data and software by either corrupting them completely or partially. Viruses and worms attach themselves to host
computers and destroy important files and software needed for the proper
functioning of the system.
Computer viruses
have been around
since the 1980s
as the computer programs designed
to spread themselves
from one file
to another on a
single computer. A
virus might rapidly
infect every application
on an individual computer
or slowly infect
the documents on
that computer. However, viruses
cannot spread from
an infected computer
to other computers without human intervention. This happens when
users send emails or copy
data from an
infected computer to
a
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SUBJECT CODE & NAME – MI0040 – TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
1. Describe the concept of
technology management. Explain the various stages of strategic technology
management system (STMS).
Technology Management
Technology management
can be defined
as a process
of planning, organising, selecting, and controlling
technological resources to maintain or increase the
capability and efficiency
of an organisation.
According to the Association of Technology Management and
Applied Engineering, technology
management is, “the field
concerned with the
supervision of personnel
across the technical
spectrum and a
wide variety of
complex technological systems.” Therefore,
we can see that technology
management is one of the
most
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2. Define technological
innovation. Explain the different types of innovation on the basis of
flexibility and in terms of offerings.
Technological Innovation
“Innovation is the change
that creates a new dimension of performance” – Peter Drucker.
According to the Department
of Trade and Industry, UK, innovation refers to
“the successful exploitation
of new ideas”.
In simple words,
innovation refers to
the invention and
successful commercial exploitation
of their invention.
Technological innovation
is one of the ways
of gaining competitive advantage
and survival in
the cutthroat corporate
world. There are numerous
cases in which a particular
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3. Briefly explain the guiding
principles of technology management.
Guiding Principles of Technology Management
Principles act as a
guiding force in the
management of any operation. For instance, to
execute the marketing
activities of an
organisation, certain principles
should be followed. These principles are
value creation, fulfillment of
consumer needs, etc.
Similarly, a new
technology paradigm requires definite
guiding principles. Betz
et al. provide
the following eight
guiding principles of managing
technology, as below:-
Value Creation: It
should be the
main intention of
the new technology paradigm
of an organisation.
Value creation creates
demand for the products and
services, which in
turn
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4. With a neat diagram, explain
the various stages of technology life cycle.
Market Growth and Technology Life Cycle
Income is
generated only when a technology
reaches the market.
A technology that
is still under
development cannot produce any
income. A technology
needs to penetrate the
market to earn the
maximum gain. As a technology
matures, and its
adoption rate increases,
the market return of the
technology also increases.
The market growth
pattern is different
in different stages of the
technology life cycle. Below figure shows
market growth
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5. a. Define
strategy. Explain the different approaches to strategic decision making.
b. Describe the different issues in strategic decision making.
Answer: - 5 (a) Defining Strategy
Igor Ansoff, known as
the father of strategic management,
established the concept of strategy
in the 1960s.
A strategy can be
defined as a plan of action
to achieve a
set of pre-determined and
specific goals. The
word ‘strategy’ originated
from the Greek
word ‘strategia’ , meaning
a military general. There is no definite meaning given to
‘strategy’, as various authors have
defined strategy in different ways.
According to
Henry Mintzberg, “People
use ‘strategy’ in
several different ways, such as:
·
Strategy is a plan, a “how,” a means of getting from
here to there.
·
Strategy is a pattern in actions over time; for
example, a company that regularly
markets very expensive products is using a “high end” strategy.
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6. a. Explain the impact of
technological change on organisational productivity
b. Explain the impact of technological change on education and knowledge
acquisition
Answer: - 6 (a) : - Impact of Technological Change on Organisational
Productivity
Productivity refers
to the amount
of output at
a given amount
of input. Technological change
is part of
the fundamental factors
that can permanently improve organisational
productivity. It is a commonly accepted fact
that better tools
and techniques yield
more output at
lower input. In addition, output
increases when manual
processes are replaced
by machines. Therefore,
as you can
see, improvement in
technology helps organisations in
a number of ways. Let us
consider an example.
When the State Bank
of India was finding
it difficult to compete with
private banks, it brought revolutionary technological changes
in
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PROGRAM -
MBA - SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MI0041 – JAVA AND WEB DESIGN
1. Write short notes on the
following:
a. Web browsers
b. World Wide Web
c. Uniform Resource Locator
d. Hypertext Transfer Protocol
e. Cookies
a. Web browsers
A web browser is the application software that
allows users to access and navigate the
World Wide Web. A web
browser allows the
users to make request to the web server for a particular task, which is
then processed by the server and the desired result is sent to the web browser. The types of web browsers can be classified under the
following categories:
Graphical: Such web browsers
allow you to
access text, images,
audio, and video
present in documents
over the web.
Examples of such
web browsers are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Apple
Safari, Google Chrome and Netscape.
These web browsers are available for
Windows, Mac, Linux and other
operating systems. Usually, navigation of web pages
or links in the
Graphical web browsers
is done by using a
mouse pointer. Although you can
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2. Briefly explain the basic
structure of an HTML document.
Document Object Model (DOM)
DOM is
a cross-platform, language-independent interface
that allows programs
and scripts to
dynamically access and
update the content, structure, and style of HTML or XML documents.
Every element in an HTML document
represents a DOM node. These nodes
are related to each other through
a parent-child relationship.
Although DOM is
designed to work independently
of a programming language, it is often used with JavaScript to design dynamic and interactive HTML pages.
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3. What is Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS)? Briefly explain any four ways of creating the CSS in a web page.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
CSS are
text files that
contain one or
more rules in
the form of property/value
pairs to determine how elements in a
web page should be displayed. They are developed with the aim to
create the structure, look and feel of
a web page and its elements. Below figure
shows an HTML page without the application of CSS:
In addition,
CSS deals with
all the style-related
aspects to create
a web page. W3C has developed
some specifications (or rules) to create and use style sheets. These specifications are called
as the Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
specifications. The two
versions of CSS
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4. a. What are the common issues that are while designing a website?
Briefly explain. considered
b. Explain the steps involved in publishing a website.
Answer: - 4 (a) : - Design Issues
Before creating a website,
you need to consider various issues
related to its design. Some
of the most
common issues that
are considered while designing
a website relate to content, page
layout, usage of colours, styling (HTML and CSS), etc. These issues can be
briefly explained as follows:
Content:
When a user
visits any website
for some information,
he/she usually gets
only 50-60% of the information.
This is because
most of the space of
any Web page
focuses on displaying
advertisements and other similar elements.
In addition, confusing
or
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5. With an example, explain the
following:
a. if Statement
b. if-else Statement
c. while loop
d. do-while loop
(a). The if Statement: - The
if statement is
a conditional construct
that is used
to evaluate an expression
for a boolean value (true or false). In case the expression returns true, the statements following the conditional
expression are executed, but if the
expression returns false, the code following the conditional expression is not executed and the program moves to the next statement. The syntax of the if statement is as follows:
|
if (conditional expression)
|
|
<Statements to be executed when conditional expression is
|
|
evaluated to true>;
|
(b) The if-else Statement: - The if-else
statement is used
in situations where
you want to
provide an alternative course of
action. For example, when the conditional expression for the
if clause evaluates to false, the
statements coded in the else clause are executed.
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6. Explain the stages of JSP (Java
Server Pages) life cycle.
The stages of JSP (Java
Server Pages) life cycle are as follows:
1. The Page Translation Stage: - In the
page translation stage
of the JSP
life-cycle, the web
container translates the JSP
document into an
equivalent Java code—that
is a Servlet. Usually, a Servlet
contains Java code with some markup language tags, such as HTML or XML. JSP, on
the other hand, consists primarily of
markup language with some Java code. The objective of page translation,
therefore, is to convert a document chiefly consisting of HTML/XML code, to one
that has more of Java code, which can be executed by the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM).
The web
server automatically does
the translation of
JSP that can
take place either at the time of deploying the JSP (a process generally
known as JSP pre-compilation) or at the time when a request for the JSP is
received for the first time.
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