Sunday 13 November 2016

MBA - SEMESTER - 4 - FALL - 2016 - MK

PROGRAM  - MBA
SEMESTER - 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MK0015 –Services Marketing and Customer Relationship Management


1.  Discuss the issues that need to be addressed by a firm before it sets out targeting goals.

Targeting

Customers form the most integral part of service production as well as marketing. The service process is begun by identifying and then targeting the right customers. It is important for every firm to specify the target group before launching a service product. A huge marketplace holds a variety of customers with different preferences, needs and expectations. It is important to zero down on the ‘right’ segment of customers. While formulating a strategy for identifying the target segment, the following issues need to be addressed.

1. As far as the selection of the customers is concerned, the firm must begin by finding the ‘good fit’. The market should be analysed only for customers’ needs. At the same time, the firm’s potential should correspond with the expectations.

                                                                                     
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2.  Briefly discuss Service Marketing Mix with suitable examples.

Service Marketing Mix: 7Ps

You must be familiar with the 4Ps of the marketing mix, that is, product, place, price and promotion. These are the four key elements that an organization uses in order to communicate with its customers. The term mix implies that the four elements are interdependent and together they form the core variables of any marketing plan that an organization puts forth. In the case of service marketing mix, these four elements play a crucial role. However, the marketing mix for services has three additional Ps, that is, people, process and physical evidence.

                                                                                     
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3.  Describe the Howard Sheth model of customer Behaviour.


Howard Sheth model

Simple models of buyer behaviour understand it to be made up of an underlying need triggering of a search for need satisfying solutions. When possible solutions have been identified, these are evaluated according to some criteria. The final purchase decision is seen as a product of the interaction between the final decision maker and a range of influencers. After purchase and consumption, consumers develop feelings about their purchases which influence future decisions. Service purchase decision process can be a complex iterative process involving large number of influencers and diverse decision criteria. In other words, service processes are contingent on certain rules and conditions that appear   




                                                                            
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4.  Briefly discuss impact & importance of IT for Education & Banking sector?


IT in the Education sector

Some interesting developments and uses of IT in education are as follows:

•Computer-based Training (CBT): Progressive educational institutions can conduct classroom sessions using what is known as CBT. Each student will sit at a computer terminal which operates software that
presents course material in interactive sessions. It includes refreshers and quizzes of the material presented to reinforce the students’ understanding. The benefits of such learning software are that the student can learn at their own pace, and it allows the student to explore and discover ideas and concepts within the material rather than learning by rote.

                                                                                     
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5.  Describe the nature of service marketing.

Nature of Service Marketing

Service marketing is marketing based on relationship and value. It may be used to market a service or a product that is defined under service activities. Marketing a service-based business is different from marketing a goods based business. For one, it is not easy to put a price to the service. Also, service firms are organized in a different manner in terms of structure. Determining costs becomes even more difficult in the non-profit sector wherein there are many limitations. All these reasons make it essential for marketing of services to be done in a different manner.

Given the spectrum of educational marketing, services marketing is relatively gaining momentum on that ground. As companies are moving away from industrial economies, services and its importance are                                                                                      
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6.  Write short notes on:
a) e-CRM
b) Customer Life Cycle

a) e-CRM

The basic idea of e-CRM comes from e-commerce. Essentially, e-CRM differs from CRM in terms of the technology and the syntactical nature of interface with customers. Typically an e-CRM would provide customers with a self-service browser based window on which they may have greater autonomy to surf different schemes and offers. Additionally, an e-CRM will also be able to generate a history of purchases, e-mails where they will get updates and such like. In other words, e-CRM has been designed to monitor all forms of managing relationships with customers using IT or information technology. The main objective of e-CRM is to integrate data by using internal organization resources and external marketing
strategies to understand and carry out customer needs and requirements. The overall goal can be mapped as a process that effectively deals with managing different relationships with customers and                                                                                           
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 PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MK0016/ML0016- Advertising Management and Sales Promotion


1. Briefly discuss the Consumer Protection Act and also elucidate its strengths and weaknesses.

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986

The  enactment  of  the  Consumer  Protection  Act,  1986  and  setting  up  of Consumer  Protection  Councils  passing  the  Right  to  Information  Act  have brought relief to the consumer. The Website of the Consumer Protection Act hails  it  as  a  “milestone  in  the  history  of  socio-economic  legislation.”  The product  may  be  a  screw  or  a  car,  but  defects  require  redressal.  The  Act defines clearly how to seek relief.

Who is a consumer?

Any person who buys any goods for consideration, but not for resale.

Who can complain to the forum?
·         A consumer
·         Any registered voluntary organisation
·         Central or any State Government
·         A group of consumers with the same interest


                                                                                     
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2.  Elaborate in detail factors that are affecting marketing and advertisement.

Factors that affecting marketing and Advertisement

Factors that Affect Marketing and Advertising are as follows: -

1. Industrial growth

Industrial growth is difficult to measure in absolute terms because when one sector is doing well, another may not be. Industrial lending is a key indicator. Big  industries  have  been  in  a  tight  spot  since  2008–09  due  to  global recession, forcing  closures  and  retrenchments. And  the financial  health  of the  urban  industrial  worker  segment  is  a  major  influencer  of  the  urban market.

2. The China factor

As  China’s  so-called  over-heated  economy – that  grew  at  over  10%  of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for several years – slows down, it has many implications  on  the  Indian  market.  Unable  to                                                      
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3.  Explain the theories of Advertising in detail.

Theories of Advertising

Advertisers  need to know the different theories of persuasion and how one message can greatly differ from another simply because of the persuasion strategy  used.  Following  are  some  of  the  best-known  ones  that  attempt giving some answers.

•  The  Cognitive-Response  Theory  –  The  persuasion  process  takes place  when  a  person  reflects  on  the  content  of  the  message  and  has cognitive responses to it. Cognitive responses are thoughts that develop while  the process  of elaborating on the message occurs.

                                                                                     
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4.  What are the various factors that are influencing in setting of budget?

Factors Influencing Budget Setting

Various factors, such as the following, have to be considered while setting the budget:

·         Product
·         Competition
·         Market share
·         Market situation
·         Distribution system
·         Sales decay rate
·         Unexploited sales potential
Product
Various factors related to the product such as the product type, stage in the product life cycle, complexity of features, brand differentiation, etc. affect the need for promotion.

Competition
Needless to say, the larger the number of competitors and the stronger the competition, the more  a  brand  has to  spend  to make  even  a small  noise. Also,  many  companies  determine  their  budgets                                                                                           
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5.   What are the various media that may be used for direct marketing? What are their pros and cons?

Media for Direct Marketing

Direct  marketing  uses  all  mass  marketing  media  as  well  as  some unconventional media like the telephone or personal visits. More than one medium can also be used in combination. Following are some of the most popular media:

1. Direct mail : - Direct  mail  is  one  of  the  most  popular  forms  of  direct  marketing.  It  is  an advertising message that is delivered by mail  –  posted, couriered or handdelivered personally. A direct mail is not always a simple letter. It can even be  a  package  consisting  of  a  brochure,  a  business-reply  envelop,  product
samples, etc.  Sometimes it may contain a product catalogue. A  catalogue is a direct mail publication that shows the products to be sold. It usually has all  the  information  that  one  needs  to  place  an                                                                                       
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6.  Write a short note on
a.  Advertising in marketing mix
b.  Positioning

A. Role of advertising in marketing mix

Marketing  has  been  defined  by  various  experts  as  that  which  covers  all activities  from  product  conception  to  the  last  step  when  it  reaches  the consumer. An exhaustive list of its primary activity includes:

•  Product,  Price,  Promotion,  Placement  (4  Ps  of  E.  Jerome  McCarthy, 1960)

•  Product  planning,  pricing,  branding,  channels  of  distribution,  personal selling, advertising, promotions, packaging, displays, servicing, physical handling, fact finding and analysis (Borden, 1964)

•  4  Ps  +  packaging,  positioning,  people,  perceptions,  physical  facilities, public relations, publicity, pay off, etc.,  are the  other Ps added by other scholars (Jethwaney & Jain, 2006)

                                                                                     
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 PROGRAM  - MBA
SEMESTER - IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MK0017 – E-MARKETING


1.  Explain Front-end & Back-end activities of Infrastructure: Building a Product system. Explain Digital Products.

a)  Front-end  &  Back-end  activities  of Infrastructure: Building a Product system

Infrastructure: Building a Product System

Every information technology system needs an infrastructureto work efficiently. Companies taking the route to e-marketing need to develop a dynamic model of e-marketing, to organize their product systems to induce customers to appreciate the difference between the perceived benefits and the relative costs, measurable in terms of time and money spent in network purchasing activities (such as
browsing, e-mails and so on). Developing this system can be done in five steps. The first step would be to define the boundaries of the system by drawing on observation, research, etc. The e-marketing system will encompass the senders/ receivers of e-mail and technology vendors who will sellproducts                                                       
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2.  List and explain the types of online stores in E-Malls and Parties in an E-Marketplace


a)  Types of online stores in E-Malls

An e-mall is an online shopping centre in which there  are many online, or virtual, stores. The basic four types of online stores have been explained below:

1. General stores/malls: - These are general stores that have a presence in theonline market. They include stores like Junglee.com and infibeam.com which act as an interface between the buyer and seller. They are stores that have a variety of items for sale and are thus called general stores. They do not specialize in selling any one item.

2. Specialized stores/malls: - The specialized stores would sell only specialized items. For example there are Websites selling only mobiles like themobilestore.com and Websites selling only property like 99acres.com.Thus, they specialize in their areas of product and are named as specialized stores.

                                                                                     
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3.  Elaborate on the Internal and External Considerations of Situational Analysis

Internal Considerations

Internal considerations  include organizational structure and  culture, SWOT analysis of workforce, existence of competitive advantage, and budget. Organizational Structure and culture:The organizational structure and culture play a major role in how an e-marketing plan shapes  up. For example, a company with a flat organization and one with less hierarchy  or an open  culture has greater
openness, sharing, transparency and team-fostering among employees. SWOT analysis:  Before  making  an  e-marketing  plan,  the strengths  and weaknesses of the workforce must be studied carefully . This can be done through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis.

A SWOT analysis is a powerful tool that can help a company identify hidden opportunities that can be exploited. It can also reveal the weaknesses, so that they can be removed before they become threats.                                                                                       
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4.  Explain the 4 P’s in E-Marketing along with the additional 3P’s in E-Marketing of Services

a)  4 P’s in E-Marketing

1. Product: - The product may be an item for sale or a service, and these may be direct to the consumer (B2C) or to businesses (B2B). The product is the  most important part of the business. Thus, it is crucial for a business to showcase its products to potential customers. In an online business, the productand its specifications should be shown clearly. In case of electronics, the technical details, model specifications, compatibility, etc., should be displayed. In case of apparel, the size, fabric and colour should be given.

2. Price: - The price of a product or service is a key element of the marketing mix; it must be acceptable to target customers and it must reflect the other components of the mix accurately. The price of the service is the value attached to it by the service provider and it must correspond with the customer’s                                                   
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5.  Elaborate on the Word-of-Mouth Marketing Techniques

Word-of-Mouth Marketing Techniques

Word-of-mouth marketing, also called word-of-mouth advertising, is one of the most credible, unpaid forms of marketing—oral or written—wherein satisfied customers tell other people how much they like a business,  product, service, or event. Word-of-mouth techniques of e-marketing include:

(i) Viral marketing:Viral marketing or marketing buzz is a marketing technique that uses pre-existing social networks to increase productsales through increasing brand awareness and self replicating viral processes which is similar to spread of viruses or computer viruses. The viral messages thus transmitted appeal to readers with high social networking potential who in turn spread the same in their                                                   
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6.  Write short notes on:
a)  Customer Metrics
b)  E-mail/Direct Metrics
c)  On-site Web analytics technologies

a)  Customer Metrics

Customer  metrics  includes numerical  scores  or  indices that  summarize customer feedback results. These scores are normally based on customer ratings (e.g., average satisfaction rating with product quality) or open-ended customer comments  (via sentiment  analysis). Customer  metrics reflect  the underlying characteristic/mental processes about your  customers: their opinions, attitudes, and behaviour about and intentions towards your company or brand. Some of the common tools employed to measure customer metrics are:

Acquisition cost by campaign : - Acquisition  cost  or  the  Cost  Per Action or  Pay  PerAction is  an  online advertising pricing model, in which the advertiser pays for each specified action (like the purchase, a form submission, etc.) linked to the  advertisement. This is one way of measuring the                                                        
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PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT   CODE   & NAME - MK0018– International Marketing


1.  Differentiate between GATT and WTO

Difference between GATT and WTO

The  General  Agreement  on  Tariffs  and  Trade  (GATT)  was  based  on conventions and not considered as an international  institution. It  was  set up in  1947.  At  that  time,  it  comprised  only  23  countries.  Negotiations  for  the GATT  started  in  the  late  1940s  with  an  aim  to  reconstruct  a  multilateral system of world trade through the elimination of discrimination, the reduction of tariffs and the dismantlement of other trade barriers.  These  negotiations were deliberated in order to  increase the economic activities to compensate the damages of World War II. The GATT was a subsidiary agreement under the International Trade Organisation (ITO) Charter.

The most important GATTs round was the Uruguay Round on Multilateral Trade  Negotiations  concluded  in  1994,  in  which  the  scope  of  multilateral trade negotiations on goods, services and                                                    
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2.  Write short notes on the following: 
A. International franchising
B. International contract manufacturing


A. International franchising

Franchising  is a special form of  licensing  in which the franchisor makes a total  marketing  programme  available,  including  the  brand  name,  logo, products  and  method  of  operation.  Franchising  is  defined  by  International Franchising  Association  as  “the  contractual  relationship  between  the franchisor  and  the  franchisee  in  which  the  franchisor  offers  a  continuing interest in the business of the franchisee in such areas as know-how and training  and  where  the franchisee  operates  under  a  common  trade  name, format and/or procedure, owned or controlled by the franchisor and in which
the franchisee  has  or  will  make  a  substantial  capital  investment  in  his/her business from his/her                                                                                
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3.  What are the stages in which international markets are screened and analysed?


A four-stage processing for screening and analysing international markets is as below:
·         Preliminary screening
·         Estimating market potential
·         Estimating sales potential
·         Identifying segments in target markets
  Preliminary screening

After determining the criteria for market selection, the most important step in the  international  market  selection  process  is  to  conduct  a  preliminary screening  of  the  markets.  The  objective  of  the  preliminary  screening process  is  to  eliminate  the  markets,  which  obviously  do  not  have  enough potential as revealed by a cursory research.

The  parameters  used  for  preliminary  screening  may  vary  from  product  to product. Other parameters like the size of the population, per capita income, structure of the economy, infrastructural factors, political conditions, etc., are very  often  considered  in  the  selection  of  overseas  markets.                                                      
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4.  What is counter-trade? Describe the various types of counter-trade.

Counter-Trade

Counter-trade  is  one  of  the  oldest  forms  of  trade  wherein  the  buyer  pays something  other  than  money  for  purchase  of  goods  and  services.  It  is  a practice that requires a seller as a condition of sale to  commit contractually to  reciprocate  and  undertake  certain  business  initiatives  that  compensate and benefit the buyer.

Counter-trade has been on the rise, primarily due to its inherent advantages vis-à-vis monetary transaction, such as:

·         It provides a trade  financing alternative to those countries that have an international debt and liquidity problems.
·         It helps to access new markets where payment problems exist.
·         It helps promote bilateral trade agreements between the governments.

                                                                                     
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5. Briefly discuss the role of sales promotion and personal selling in international marketing.

Sales promotion

Sales promotion is an important tool of marketing communication because it is  directed  at  consumers,  and  it  involves  such  activities  like  couponing, sampling,  premiums,  consumer  education  and  demonstration  activities, cents-off  packages,  point-of-purchase  materials  and  direct  mail.  Sales promotion  directed  at  intermediaries  known  as  trade  promotion  includes activities  like  trade  shows  and  exhibits,  trade  discounts  and  co-operative advertising.  For example,  attendance at an appropriate trade shows is one of  the best ways  to make contracts with government officials and decision makers, or to work with present intermediaries or attract new ones.

Objectives of sales promotions

Promotion includes providing information about the attributes of the product and  communicating  messages  aimed  at  satisfying  its  shareholders, government  dealers  and  the  like.  The  main                                                      
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6.  Write short notes on the following: 
a. Bill of Exchange
b. Packing list
c. Air way bill
d. Certificate of origin
e. Consular invoice


a. Bill of Exchange

A Bill of Exchange (B/E) is an unconditional order in writing by the exporter to the importer asking the importer to make the payment of a certain amount. The exporter is called  the  drawer and the importer  is  called  the  drawee  here.  When  a  draft  bill  is  drawn  on  a foreign  firm,  it  is  termed  as  a  foreign  draft  or  bill  of  exchange.  It  is prepared either in an international currency or Indian rupee depending
on the terms of  the  contract. Accordingly, the bill is known by the name of  the  currency in which it is drawn. For example, the bill drawn in US dollars is known as “Dollar Bill” and when prepared in rupees it is termed as “Rupee Bill.”

A  B/E  or draft is of two types (a) “Sight Draft” and (b) “Usance Draft or Usance Bill.” When a drawer,  that is, exporter, expects the drawee,  that is,  importer,  to  make  the  payment  immediately  after  the                                                                                      
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