Friday 18 December 2015

MBA - SEMESTER - 4 - HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - FALL - 2015

PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0015 –Compensation and Benefits

1.  Discuss the contents of Job Evaluation. Describe the process of Job evaluation

The contents of job evaluation are as follows:

1.  Job analysis: It is the process of examining the job content by breaking it down into its functions, elements, tasks, operations and processes.

2.  Job description:  It is a written and general statement that outlines the skills,  education  and  training  required  by  the  potential  employee  to perform the particular task.

3.  Job classification: Here jobs are grouped with respect to their worth.

                                                                                     
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2.  Suppose you are a HR Manager and you are asked to develop an effective Incentive Scheme for your organization. What are the pre-requisites you will consider while developing an Effective Incentive Scheme? Discuss the merits and demerits of Incentives

If I was a HR Manager and I was asked to develop an effective incentives scheme for my organization then following pre-requisites will be considered by me while developing and Effective Incentive scheme :

These pre-requisites are as under:

1.  The  workers’  co-operation  is  mandatory  in  execution  of  incentive schemes.  The  co-operation  is  required  in  respect  of  methods  adopted for analysis of result or output on basis of which payment is                                                                                  
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3.  Discuss the types of managerial remuneration. Explain the elements of a managerial remuneration

Types of managerial remuneration

Due to financial crises in the last two decades, the remuneration part of the managers  has  changed  drastically  which  affect  their  compensation structure. Thus, managerial remuneration comprises of two important pays which are as follows:

1.  Short term pay:  The short term remuneration is related to the bonuses (short term) and the base pay which are usually paid to the managers according to their performance in the organisation. This type of pay is totally  cash  based  managerial  remuneration  component  and  over  a certain period of time                                                  
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4.  Define Pay Structure. What are its objectives? Explain the major decisions involved in designing and setting competitive pay structures

Definition of Pay Structure

A  pay/salary  structure  refers  to  the  collection  of  salary  grades,  bands  or levels,  connection  of  related  jobs  within  a  series  or  hierarchy  which  helps the organisation in providing a framework for the implementation of various policies  and  reward  strategies  within  the  organisation.  Various  salary structures  are  connected  with  varying  types  of  salary  progression arrangements.
An organisation salary structure is thus a method  of administering its salary philosophy. The                                                                                 
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5.  Explain the criteria’s considered for rewarding the employees for their good service

The criteria for rewarding the employees for their good service in the firm are as follows:

1.  Analysing  and  surveying  of  staff:  Conducting  the  surveys  is regarded  as  one  of  the  most  critical  challenge  for  the  firms  when  it comes  to  motivate  their  employees.  For  this  the  firm  must  deeply understand their employees as well as their culture. Thus for this, they have  created  “Culture  Critique”  by  using  the  staff  focus  groups  and also one-to-one interviews for both current and existing employees.

Example:  Lloyd’s  Broking  Group,  despite  having  major  growth  in  its business,  initiated  its  employee  survey  so  as  to  assess  the  unease among its staff members. The main reason for this is the                                                   
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6.  Write a short note on the following:

a)Wage Policy Plan in India
b)Voluntary Retirement Scheme(VRS)

a)     Wage Policy Plan in India
Wage  policy  can  be  defined  as  the  principles  which  act  as  guidelines  for determination of a wage structure. It relates to all systematic efforts of the Government in relation to a national wage and structure of wages.

Wage policy in India
The plans of wages in India are explained as follows:
•                                                     The  first  plan  (1951  to  1956)  suggested  that  pre-war  levels  of  real wages should be restored as an initial march towards “living wage” by use of enhanced productivity. It further                                                                                      
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b)     Voluntary Retirement scheme
Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is the most common method which is used  by  organisations to  reduce  excess  manpower.  It  helps  the  employer not only to compete and survive in this current business scenario but also improve  his/her  performance.  This  scheme  also  becomes  the  prominent means of downsizing of employees. VRS is also known by the names such as Voluntary Separation Scheme, Golden Handshake and Early Separation Scheme.
                                                                                     
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PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0016 – Performance Management and Appraisal


1.  Discuss the aims of Performance Management

Aims of Performance Management

To  measure goal achievement:  Overall evaluation of a company and its ability to set and reach goals is critical for success. While several external factors  such  as  economy,  demand,  etc,  may  affect  the  organizational performance, we should acknowledge that goal achievement is more related to effective employee performance. Hence goals such as enhancing market share,  increasing  client  satisfaction,  etc.,  are  to  be  delivered  by  the employees.  Hence,  in  goal  achievement  the  employees  and  their
                                                                                     
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2.  Discuss the steps in giving a constructive feedback.

Steps in Giving a Constructive Feedback:  You can learn to give a good feedback if you keep in mind the following steps.

Step  1:  State  the  constructive  purpose  of  your  feedback  or  context: State your purpose briefly by indicating what you'd like to cover and why it is important. If you are  initiating  feedback, this  focus keeps the other person from having to guess what you want to talk about. If the other person has requested  feedback,  a  focusing  statement  will  make  sure  that  you  direct your feedback towards what the person needs.

                                           



                                                                            
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3.  Assume that you have joined as an HR in an organization. The first task assigned to you is to conduct the Performance Appraisal Process. What according to you is its purpose? Describe the entire Performance Appraisal process.

Purpose of Performance Appraisal :

It is believed that at least 90% of  organisations  have a formal PE and the rest  do  it  informally  since  it  serves  a  number  of  organisational  purposes such as the following:

1.  If  organisational  goals are converted into objectives and job tasks  and these are  executed by  employees, it follows that the effectiveness with which  tasks  are  performed  has  a  direct  bearing  on  organisational effectiveness.  PE  identifies  whether  an  individual  is  actually contributing to the job. For example, five salesmen each are required to sell 1,000 pieces of a product a month to ensure that                                                        
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4.  Explain the concept of 360-Degree feedback system. Discuss the purpose and components of a 360-degree appraisal method.

Concept of 360-Degree Feedback System

In  360-degree  appraisal,  the  feedback  about  an  employee’s  performance comes from all the sources. The number (360) indicates all-round appraisal. While  180-degree  refers  to  top-down  and  bottom-up  feedback,  numbers more than this indicate feedback from various other groups apart from the top-down  and  bottom-up  across  the  organisation.  For  example,  these additional groups can be peers who are engaged in the same level of job as the recipient of the feedback.

                                                                                     
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5.  Define the term ‘Ethics’. Discuss the key factors involved in ensuring Ethics in Performance Management(PM).

Definition of Ethics:

The  word  'ethics'  comes  from  the  Greek  word  'ethikos'.  It  refers  to  one's moral character and the way in which society expects people to behave in accordance  with  accepted  principles.  Most  philosophers  conclude  that ethical  failure  occurs  because  of  lack  of  character  or,  in  other  words,
virtuous  people  will  live  ethically.  Therefore,  we  need  to  think  about  the desired virtues and how one can develop those virtues, PM being a case where  such  ethics  need  emphasis.  Aristotle's  virtues                                                                                       
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6.  Write short notes on the following:

a)Forced Distribution Method
b)Essay Appraisal Method




a) Concept of Forced Distribution Method

Forced Distribution Method

Forced distribution method has its roots in normal distribution, a topic found in statistics. The employees should normally be very good, good, average, below average, bad, etc. In other words, the rating should be evenly spread. In forced distribution method,  the manager is told to ensure that people are evenly spread. Thus,  he has to fit some percentage in  very  good, some in good,  etc.,  with  some  discretion.  It  is  generally  applied  to  several components taken together rather than one                                                                   
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b) Concept of Essay Appraisal Method

Essay appraisal method

In the  essay  appraisal  method,  the appraiser  describes the performance of an individual in the form of  a short essay. He covers what the employee did, what he did not, what his strengths and weaknesses are and what he should improve  upon. When facts and evidences are used objectively, it is a fairly accurate  method  to  evaluate  performance.  However,  if  an  organisation  is large, the variation in the                                                 
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PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0017 – Talent Management


1.  Explain the key elements of Talent Management System.


The key elements of Talent Management System are as follows:

Recruitment  and  Selection:  Recruitment  is  the  process  of  finding  and hiring  the  best-qualified  candidate  for  a  job  opening,  in  a  timely  and  cost effective manner.  Recruitment and  retention  have  become a big challenge for organisations due to the continuing global talent shortage, the changing worldview  of  work  by  new  generation  employees  entering  the  workforce, and  the  ever  increasing  evidence  that  poor  recruitment  decisions  have  a direct impact on the bottom line.

                                                                                     
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2.  Define Talent Management. Discuss the Talent management Approaches.

Definition of Talent Management

Talent  management:  Talent  management  is  defined  as  a  conscious  and systematic  approach  taken  up  to  attract,  identify,  develop  and  retain productive  and  engaged  employees  with  aptitude  and  abilities  to  meet current and future organisational needs by fulfilling the business/operation critical  roles.  The  goal  of  talent  management  is  to  create  a  highperformance,  sustainable  organization  that  meets  its  strategic  and operational goals and objectives. (John Hokins University press)

                                           


                                                                            
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3.  What are the responsibilities undertaken by an HR to ensure compliance to regulations? Explain the steps involved in ensuring safe work environments.


To ensure compliance to regulations, the HR must:

·         Have the right skills and experience to support the compliance process.

·         Be  updated  with  all  the  laws  as  the  laws  change  constantly,  and communicate the same to all the employees.

·         Create manuals on HR policy, regularly update it, and get it reviewed by the lawyer before implementing it.

                                                                                     
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4.  What do you mean by Total Rewards? Discuss the elements of Total Rewards.

Meaning of Total Rewards:

All  of  the  tools  available  to  the  employer  that  may  be  used  to  attract, motivate and retain employees can be termed as Total Rewards.
Total  rewards  include  everything  the  employees  perceive  to  be  of  value resulting  from  the  employment  relationship.  The  general  elements  of  total rewards include salary, bonuses, stock options or participation in the equity of  the  organisation.  All  these  elements  involve  financial  investments.
Rewards  which  do  not  result  in  monetary  benefit  can  also  be  used. Examples of such rewards are developing skill, putting into practice one’s ideas. These help in reducing the financial investments of the                                                                                     
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5.  Explain the organizational issues pertaining to Talent Management.

Organisational Issues

Organisational issues pertaining to talent management could arise because of focus and fit.

(i) Focus: The different types of focus are:

•             Step  by  step  focus:  In  this,  managers  look  for  employees  with potential to take one step ahead in their career. Talent management needs to have a proactive approach to both skill enhancement and
career progress

•                                                                      Leadership  focus:  The  leadership  focus  of  talent  management function is to produce future leaders. Organisations need to work on the required talent to equip employees to become future     


                                                                            
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6.  Write short notes on:
a)Workforce Analysis
b)Talent Review

A)     Workforce analysis:
It is a systematic process in which an organisation identifies the critical jobs  and  competencies,  needed  for  the  current  and  future  employees, and develops strategies to overcome any gaps.
Its  main  priority  is  using  information  to  obtain  an  overview  of  the workforce and targeting talent management initiatives which include:

a)  Identifying critical job roles for analysis and planning.
b)  Reviewing knowledge/skills/attributes needed.
c)  Determining employee population for review.
d)  Gathering demographic information.

                                                                                     
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B)      Concept and importance of Talent review

Talent  review  helps  in  developing  a  clear  talent  management  strategy and  to  increase  awareness  of  available  talent  and  successors  in  an organization.  All  organizations  should  conduct  regular  talent  review meetings  to  be  prepared  for  a  variety  of  business  changes,  such  as mergers, company growth, or a decrease in talent needs. It is designed to review the performance  and career potential of employees, to discuss possible vacancy risks of current employees, to identify successors                                                               
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PROGRAM  - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MU0018 – Change Management

1.  Discuss the various perspectives of organizational change.

Perspectives of Organizational Change

Organizational change has been studied from multiple perspectives at micro and macro levels. It is one of the many perennial issues inorganization and management theory. We can broadly study them under  seven main perspectives.

These are:

1.  Environment-dependent  perspectives
According to this perspective, organizational change is a function of external environment and acts as a link between an organization’s internal practice and procedures with the external world.

                                                                                     
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2.  Explain the various steps at which control takes place in a  Change Management  Process.

Change Management Process Control

In the change management process, controlling takes place at various steps, which are as follows:

Step  l:  Preparation  for  change
As a first step, in the preparation stage, the change manager has to focus on the following aspects

(a) The required change has to be identified
(b) Determination of the major concerns and issues needs tobe determined
(c) The obstacles or hurdles to be identified
(d) Calculating the involvement of risk and determination of the cost of change
(e) Understanding the reasons for resisting the change
                                                                                     
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3.  Discuss the various factors affecting the choice of a change Strategy

Factors Affecting the Choice of a Change Strategy

A number of factors need to be considered while choosing a proper change strategy. A mix of strategies can be adopted depending upon a number of factors. These basic factors are:

(i) Urgency of the need for change:Quick change strategies should be chosen, if the situation demands affecting the change in a short time. A suitable strategy can be chosen and employed based on the urgency for the implementation of the change process.

                                                                                     
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4.  What do you mean by Organizational Effectiveness? Explain the approaches involved in achieving Organizational Effectiveness.

Meaning of Organizational Effectiveness

As a wider concept, organizational effectiveness as represented by several perspectives comprises  an  organization’s  fit with  its external  environment, configuration of its internal subsystems for high performance, emphasis upon organizational learning and ability to satisfy the needs of key stakeholders. This is very complex and includes lot many key terms like organizational performance, success, goodness, health, competitiveness, excellence, and so on. Organizational effectiveness has been defined                                               
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5.  Define organizational Culture. Describe briefly about the types of organizational Culture

Definition of Culture:

The word ‘culture’ has been derived metaphorically fromthe idea of ‘cultivation’, the process of tilling and developing land. When we talk about culture, we are typically referring to the pattern of development reflected in a society’s system of knowledge, ideology, values, laws, social norms and day-to-day rituals. Edgar Schein has defined culture  as ‘a pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration worked well enough to be considered valuable and therefore, to be taught to new members                                                                          
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6.  Write a brief note on the following:
a)Kurt Lewin’s Model of change
b)Burke-Litwin Model of organizational performance and change  

6. a) Kurt Lewin’s Model of Change

In order to ensure that change is permanent, Kurt Lewin described the three phases of the change process which can enable the organization to move from the current state to the desired state—Unfreezing, Changing, and Refreezing. The diagrammatic representation of the process based change is                                                   
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6. b)Burke-Litwin Model of organizational performance and change  

Burke-Litwin Model of Organizational Performance and Change

The  Burke-Litwin  model  adopts  the  open  system  approach  towards  an organization. In this model, the external environment serves as the input dimension  and the individual and the organizational performanceserves as the output dimension. The other remaining components in this modelrefer to the primary throughput dimensions. The feedback loop links the input  with the output: and the arrows are bi-directional (organizational outputs –products and services affect the external environment and that                                                
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