PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM0010 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
1. Define operations strategy.
What are the differences between manufacturing and service organisations in
terms of operations strategy?
According to Slack and
Lewis, 2011, “Operations strategy is the total pattern of decisions, which
shape the long term capabilities of any type of operation and their
contribution to overall strategy, through the reconciliation of market
requirements with operations resources.”
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2. Explain the characteristics of
services.
There are four characteristics
of services, which are discussed as follows:
Characteristic of intangibility
Intangibility refers
to the non-receptive
characteristic of products.
It is the most
basic distinctive characteristic of a service.
Services are deeds, actions and performances that
cannot be seen, felt, touched or tasted,
as we can do
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3. What is inventory control?
Explain the factors considered in inventory control.
Definition of inventory control
Inventory control
refers to the
evaluation of policies,
procedures and systems for
ensuring an adequate supply of inventory. It is also called stock control, which
is a process
that involves the
supervision, storage and accessibility of goods or items. The main
objective of inventory control is to
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4. Explain the applications of
queuing models
Applications of queuing models
Customers
are the primary source of revenue for an organisation. They are satisfied if
the organisation provides products or services at minimum cost and within the
stipulated time. If an organisation makes unwanted delays in delivering
services, customers may become highly dissatisfied and switch to other brands.
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5. Write short notes on Markov
analysis.
Meaning of Markov Analysis
Markov analysis
is a technique
that is used
to analyse the
present behaviour of a
variable and estimate its future
behaviour. The concept
of Markov analysis was
introduced by Andrei
A. Markov in
the early 1900s. Markov analysis is also
known as Markov process or Markov
chains. It is a process
that
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6. Describe the various types of
decision making models.
Types of Decision Making Models
A decision
maker selects a decision making model after considering various factors such as
whether a decision is made by considering the facts of the problem or the experience
of the decision
maker. Below figure shows
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PROGRAMME - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM0011- ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
1 . a. Explain the different types of business processes.
b. What are the different components of an information system
a) Different Types of Business Processes.
There
are three types of business processes which are:
Management Processes: Involve processes that are carried out by the
top management of an enterprise. These processes include formulation
andimplementation of cross-functional strategies that help an enterprise to achieve
its long-term objectives. Typical management processes include:
·
Corporate governance
· Strategic management
Operational
Processes: Refer to processes that form the core business of an enterprise.
The following are
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2. Write short notes on
a. Customer relationship management
b. Data warehousing
c. Data Mining
d. OLAP
a. Customer relationship management
b. Data warehousing
c. Data Mining
d. OLAP
Ans- a. Customer relationship management
Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) is a tool that helps an organisation in establishing strong
relationships with its customers. It enables an organisation to identify the
needs and expectations of customers and fulfil them, which results in achieving
a high level of customer satisfaction. In other words, CRM can be defined as a
business strategy that focuses on customer satisfaction and retention. It is a
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b. Data
warehousing
An ERP system requires
different types of data to operate. An organised collection of data is called
database. However, when an organisation uses an ERP system for quite a few
years, maintaining only a database is not sufficient. This is because, over a
period of time, an ERP system generates a large amount of data. The excess load
of data may slow down the performance of an ERP system. Now, the question
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c. Data Mining
You must have heard the term
‘mining’—an act of extracting hidden valuables from the earth. Similarly, data
mining is an act of extracting valuable information from a database. The ERP
system of an organization stores all its data in a database. With the help of
data mining, this data is analysed to produce meaningful information for
business decision making. More specifically, data mining is a process of
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d. On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP)
OLAP is a technology that is used to analyse
data stored at different network places or data warehouses. It allows you to
analyse data from multiple database systems at the same time. The following are
the five main characteristics of OLAP:
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3. Elaborate the
different modules under manufacturing and production planning.
Ans- Manufacturing and
Production Planning
As a customer, what
expectations do you have when you purchase a product? You always prefer to go
for a quality product with unique features. The quality of products produced by
an organisation depends on its manufacturing efficiency. Manufacturing is all
about producing products with specified quality characteristics in the right
quantity and in the most costefficient way possible. The manufacturing process
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4. Discuss the various terminologies of ERP purchase
system
Ans-The terms are:
Purchase
Requisition: It is a document that is generated to inform the purchasing
department about the need of materials to be ordered (purchased). This document
is created after considering the requirements of all the departments of an
organisation. A purchase requisition also specifies the quantity of items
required and the timeframe. The purchase module saves the time and effort of an
organisation by efficiently handling the tasks related to the purchase
requisition. The module can automatically copy the
previous requisition in case the requirements are repetitive. A purchase requisition is also called ‘purchase
previous requisition in case the requirements are repetitive. A purchase requisition is also called ‘purchase
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5.
CRM is a powerful tool used by an
organization to acquire new customers and retain the existing ones. Explain
various types of CRM.
Types of CRM:
CRM is a powerful tool used
by an organization to acquire new customers and retain the existing ones. It
provides meaningful information related to customers. This information
ultimately helps an organisation in making sound business decisions. However,
the usage of CRM varies across different organisations. For example, some organisations
may use CRM to enhance its sales productivity, while other organisations use it
to improve the quality of customer service. Based on its different
applications, CRM
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6. a. Explain
main application suite provided by JD Edwards World Solutions Company.
b. Explain the
different modules under MFG/PRO application
Ans-a.There are three main application
suite namely
OneWorld, WorldSoftware, and WorldVision.
These are discussed as follows:
JD Edwards OneWorld: It is a flexible application that can be integrated with the existing technology of an organisation. OneWorld includes various tools and technologies that provide up-to-date information
related to different business processes of an organisation.
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Ans-b. The modules under
MFG/PRO application:
MFG/PRO is an integrated ERP
package that can be used for different manufacturing processes, such as
make-to-stock, configure-to-order, and repetitive manufacturing. The following
are the different modules of MFG/PRO:
Distribution Module (DM): It is used for tracking inventory and making timely
delivery of products.
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SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM0012 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
1. Write short notes on:
a. Intermodal transportation
b. Capacitated plant location model
c. Bulk shipments
d. Purchasing strategies
A Intermodal transportation
It is a
combination of at least two or more modes of transportation. For example, a
manufacturer using water transport to ship goods from one country to another,
and then using the road transport to get the goods to a customer. It is one of
the most important modes of transportation as it becomes essential in
situations where one mode of transportation is not
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Capacitated plant location model
The
capacitated plant location model is a variant of facility location model that
includes allocation of capacities for the facilities. The allocation of
capacities for a facility that serves as a least cost source for a demand point
helps in serving any demand at that point. The capacity of a facility and
demand at each of the demand point are known as deterministic parameters.
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Bulk shipments
Bulk
shipping has been a part of inventory management for a long time. Since it is
cheaper to purchase and ship goods in bulk, sellers can plan to reload their
inventory less frequently than they normally would. Because there is fewer
inflow of frequent shipments, sellers needs to
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Purchasing strategies
Purchasing requires
decisions to be
made at strategic
level, tactical level and operational level.
Earlier, purchasing decisions were limited to operational and tactical levels.
However, purchasing now has more strategic level impact. For example,
if, unfortunately, a company purchases and places a long term contract with
an unreliable supplier,
then there is
an
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2. Discuss the steps involved in
the measurement of supplier performance.
Following are the
seven steps that
comprise a process
to develop and deploy supplier assessment:
1. Aligning
the goals and objectives of the
supplier performance with
the organisation’s goals.
2. Identifying an approach for evaluating the
supplier performance.
3. Developing a method to collect supplier
information.
4. Designing and developing a robust assessment
system.
5. Deploying a supplier performance assessment
system.
6. Giving performance feedback to the suppliers.
7. Producing results from measuring supplier
performance.
Alignment
of goals Measuring the performance of a supplier cannot be completed quickly.
It is a long term process. Firstly, there must be a supplier policy that has
its foundation on the
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3. Write short notes on:
Lead time reduction
Cross docking
Distributor integration
e-sourcing
A Lead time reduction
In supply
chain management, we define lead time as the time taken from the moment the
buyer places an order to the moment it is received by the buyer. Lead time
reduction is one
of the powerful
methods to reduce
cost throughout the supply
chain. It also
helps to
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Cross docking
Cross docking
is the strategy
wherein warehouses are
used as inventory coordination points rather than
inventory storage points. In this
system, the goods from the
manufacturer are received
by the warehouses/distribution centres. The goods in warehouses are stored for
less than 12 hours. Then the goods
from warehouses are
directly transferred to
the
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Distributor integration
Today,
business enterprises treat distributors as their business partners. New
business models are developed wherein the organisations integrate their
business process with an independent distributor. Distributors provide vital
market information and hence they are considered as the
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e-sourcing
E-sourcing
is used for the recognition of new suppliers for a category of purchasing
requirements with the help of the Internet. It is also known as reverse
auctioning as it is a process by which enterprises can shift their procurement
process online to reach a larger
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4. What are the issues faced in
global supply chain?
The following are the
different issues in Global Supply Chain Management
·
International versus regional products
·
Local autonomy versus central control
·
Project scale and span of control
·
Technology solutions
·
Cost of technology absorption
·
Availability of technology infrastructure
·
Internal and external resource capability
·
Miscellaneous issues
International
versus regional products A company ideally aims to build universal products
which can be sold in many markets. But achieving the same is not simple due to
the large categories
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5. What is standardisation?
Explain the four approaches to standardisation?
Standardisation
Standardisation is a process of using a standard product in place of a family
of products. Standardisation helps to achieve economies of scale by doing an
activity once and repeating it many times. Generally, lead time can be
shortened by reducing inventory levels and increasing forecast accuracy.
However, after a certain stage it cannot be achieved in the same
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6. Discuss the impacts of
e-commerce on SCM.
E-commerce impacts SCM in the following ways:
• Cost efficiency –
E-commerce facilitates transportation companies
of all sizes to
exchange data over
the Internet regarding
the cargo. It allows shippers, firms associated with
trucking and freight forwarders to update
their documents related
to cash and
time investments that
are necessary for the traditional paper work system.
• Flexibility in distribution system –
E-commerce provides businesses
with more flexibility in
the complex process of
sharing information and products
between clients, suppliers,
and businesses. It
links the distribution channels
and customers and
simplifies
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM 0013 – ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
1. Explain the methods that are
used by an organisation to improve its productivity.
Ways to improve productivity
By measuring
productivity, an organisation
can determine its
overall performance over a period of time and identify the areas of
improvement. Apart from this, measuring the productivity also helps an
organisation in the following ways:
·
Increases
the reserve funds
that can be
used for expansion and modernisation
·
Reduces overheads and various other costs
per unit of the output
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2. Write short notes on Line of
Balance(LOB) technique.
Concept of Line of Balance
The technique
of Line of
Balance (LOB) has
been successfully used
to control the upstream processing steps in different production
systems, for the production of goods and
services. The LOB
technique is used
in production scheduling and control,
to determine how many units of an item should be
completed by a
particular review date.
It also determines
how many units of
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3. a. Discuss the role of the government in
deciding and selecting a plant location.
b. Describe the process of
aggregate planning
3. a. Discuss the role of the government in
deciding and selecting a plant location.
Influence of government on industry location
The influence
of government policies
and programs on
plant location is apparent in every country, particularly in
planned economies like India. In the
name of a balanced regional development, many backward regions in India
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b. Describe the process of
aggregate planning
Aggregate planning process
Aggregate planning
is a systematic
approach to develop
an aggregate production plan of
an organisation. It involves a number of steps which are as follows:
Forecasting demand:
It entails estimating
of the total
number of units required. Demand
forecasting is a
systematic process that
involves
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4. What are the factors an
organization considers while selecting material handling equipment?
Selection of materials handling equipment
An organisation
should take into
consideration the following
factors while selecting a
materials handling equipment:
Nature of
materials: It refers
to the physical
state of materials
to be handled. An
organisation needs to
determine the physical
and chemical properties of
materials before selecting
equipment for handling
materials.
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5. Explain the steps in ISO 9000
registration and list any 4 advantages of ISO 9000 series.
Steps in ISO 9000 registration
The ISO 9000 registration
process consists of six basic steps,
which are as follows:
1. Filing an application: This is the first step
in the registration process of ISO
9000. It is
also termed ‘contract’
and it takes
place between an organisation and
the ISO. This
contract involves the
rights and obligations of both
the parties, which are as follows:
o Right of the registrar to access facilities
and information
o Disclosure of confidential information
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6. Write short notes:
Value Stream Mapping (VSM)
Value Stream Mapping
Before
going into the details of Value Stream Mapping (VSM), let us have a look at
the meaning of
value stream. In
simple words, value
stream comprises all the
activities that are required to be performed in a sequential manner to create
and deliver value to the customers. VSM
signifies a type of flow chart
that is
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Following are some of the advantages of VSM:
·
Helps
in reducing wastage
by identifying the
source of waste
in the value
stream
·
Helps in monitoring and controlling the
flow of information and inventory
·
Helps in the implementation of a
project by providing a blueprint
Facilitates
clear communication of future ideas by providing a platform for
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