PROGRAM MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MH0051 – Health Administration
1. Explain the management methods
and techniques of health planning.
Ans- Management Methods and Techniques
Health planners are intent upon devising means to improve service coverage
in more efficient and effective ways. In past few years the notion of coverage
has taken on added importance as issues of equity have been highlighted
through such slogans as “health for all.” Concern of efficiency has directed
attention to competency based training of peripheral workers, including
community members, employing appropriate technology. Finally, considerations of
effectiveness have led to the search for improved
measures of program impact that encompass community desires and satisfaction.
measures of program impact that encompass community desires and satisfaction.
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2. Explain the types of
epidemiological studies. Add a note on mortality profile of India.
Ans- Types of Epidemiological Studies
(Observational and
Experimental)
Epidemiological studies
can be divided into two basic types depending on
(a) whether
the events have
already happened (retrospective) or
(b) whether
the events may
happen in the
future (prospective). The
most
common studies are the
retrospective studies which are also
called casecontrol studies. A
case-control study may
begin when an
outbreak of disease
is noted and
the causes of
the disease are
not known, or the
disease is unusual within the population
studied.
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3. Discuss the steps in disaster
management. A Mentioning the steps
Definition of disaster management
Disaster management is
the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks. It is a discipline that
involves preparing for disaster before it occurs, disaster response (e.g.,
emergency evacuation, quarantine, mass
decontamination, etc.), and supporting,
and rebuilding society
after natural or
human-made disasters have occurred.
Steps in disaster management
Mainly there
are four steps
in disaster management:
mitigation, preparedness,
response and recovery.
Every disaster is
different and response is
decided by the events
at hand. Disasters
might be natural or unnatural in origin. The type of
emergency determines the response. Some disasters might
require evacuation or
relocation. Others might
demand quarantine or decontamination. The
meanings of the
terms used in the
disaster management are as follows:
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4. Describe the guidelines of
International Health Regulations with regard to ports, airports and ground crossings.
Ans- Ports, Airports and Ground Crossing
The International
Health Regulations is also intended to reduce the risk of disease
spread at international
airports, ports and
ground crossings. The following provisions
given under the
guidelines of International
Health
Regulations are
mandatory for all the countries:
To reduce
the risk of
international spread of disease through transportation, travel
and trade, States
Parties must designate
their international ports
or airports. Additionally,
where just ified for
public health reasons, States
Parties may assign certain ground crossings that should also develop
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5. Explain the various government
programs for nurturing newborns.
A Listing the government programs
for nurturing
Listing the government programs for nurturing newborns
I.
Home-based new born care
II.
Facility based new born care
III.
Promotion of Infant and Young Child Nutrition
(IYCN)
IV.
Child nutrition in the Reproductive and Child
Health (RCH) programme
V.
Routine immunization programme
VI.
Introduction of Hepatitis-B vaccine
VII.
Pulse polio immunization
1.
Home-based new born care : The
Government of India
has recently approved
the implementation of Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) based on
the Gadchirolli model, where appreciable decline in Infant Mortality Rates has
been documented on the basis of work
done by
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6. Enumerate the determinants of
health.
Ans- Spectrum and Determinants of Health
It is not difficult to
understand how poverty in the form of material deprivation
– dirty
water, poor nutrition
– allied to
lack of quality
medical care can account
for the tragically
foreshortened lives of
people in India.
Such understanding is
insufficient in two important ways. First, it fails properly to take
into account that
relief of such
material deprivation is not simply
a
technical
matter of providing clean water of better medical care. Who gets these
resources is socially
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SUBJECT CODE & NAME MH0052 – Hospital
Organization, Operations and Planning
1. Discuss the steps in hospital
planning.
Ans- Steps in Hospital Planning
The steps
involved in preparing
a project proposal
for a hospital
can be short listed as follows:
Conceptualization/ inception
This step involves the
decision to build a hospital. The type of hospital to be built,
location for the
building, whether it
should be a
corporate, nonprofit voluntary or
trust hospital should be decided at this stage. The target group which would benefit from this venture should
also be considered.
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2. Discuss the planning, staffing
and workflow of CSSD.
Ans- Central Sterile Supplies Department
The Central Sterile
Supply Department (CSSD) is now an accepted feature of
hospital planning. With
this new concept,
nursing time is
saved; sterilization
processes has been
more effectively controlled;
aseptic techniques are
safer and can be standardized
throughout the hospital.
These factors
contribute to the
reduction in the
incidence of hospital infection.
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3. Discuss ward planning in a
hospital set up.
Ans- Definition
Ward planning
is the creation
of service facilities
which enables people involved
in healthcare delivery
to care for
the in-house patients
of the hospital.
Objectives of Ward Planning
Provide quality care:
The hospital should
strive towards providing quality care in medical services and enhancing the satisfaction of the
patients
Provide maximum comfort:
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4 Explain in brief the planning,
design and staffing of a billing department in a hospital.
The Central
billing department plays
an important role,
as liaison office between the management and the
patients, in addition to its prime duty of billing. The immense patience, human
relations and hospitality is the need of the hour to alleviate the problems of
patients who are in distress, as the words spoken and deeds undertaken by the staff
working at this department project the theme of humanity. One of the commonest
problems faced by the discharged patients at all hospitals is the delay in
discharge due to slow bill generation. The same can be overcome or reduced to a
great extent by computerization of billing
system and having
a user friendly
hospital information system (HIS) in place.
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5. Discuss the essential
principles for managing hospital materials. Add a note on process of material management.
Ans- Essential Principles for Managing Hospital
Materials
The management
of materials is one of
the key factors
for improving the performance of
any unit. Higher
inventories saddle an
organization with avoidable costs besides blocking the scarce
funds which might be required by the
enterprise for its
own operations for
some other essential
development programs.
Proper management of
materials, therefore, assumes
considerable importance in corporate functioning as well as in the national economy. We are aware of the fact that
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6. Imagine that you are
appointed as a consultant for setting
up a
neonatal ICU in a tertiary
care teaching hospital. What are the planning considerations you have to keep
in your mind before executing the task?
Importance of Pharmacy:
With advancement
in science and
technology, newer drug
preparations have come into
the markets in
a highly competitive
scenario. Most drug formulations have
been shown to
be ineffective and
few of them
even dangerous. It is necessary to identify the harmful drugs and
eliminate them in the market.
Only those preparations
which meet the
criteria
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PROGRAM MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MH0053 – Hospital & Healthcare Information Management
1. Explain the domains and benefits of Health Management Information
System
(HMIS).
A Domains of
Health Management Information System
Benefits of Health Management
Information System
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2. Discuss the issues with the existing HMIS in India.
Ans- Issues with the Existing HMIS in India
There are several problems
associated with the existing HMIS in India. To facilitate elaborate discussion,
we can classify them into structural, procedural, technological and human
resources related issues. The
available research findings
suggest that HMIS in many of the African and Asian countries is very weak and
suffers the same limitations as india. Some references to the findings in other
country studies have been
mentioned appropriately.
A. Structural Issues:
Besides
the excessive concentration of administrative powers at the state and central
levels, there is a multiplicity of institutions/departments, which work in
their own hierarchies posing series problems for
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3. Discuss the important applications of Hospital Information System.
Ans- Applications of Hospital Information System
Without being exhaustive, some of
the most important one are listed below:
Patient Management
Allows a
wide variety of interactive enquiries into patient data with the data
provided in line and update in real time.
Allows
monitoring of clinical and financial information flowing into patient database
and checks completeness and status of data.
Provides
more efficient registration of outpatient and inpatients. Patient index
allows retrieval online the most current basic identification and
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4. Explain the various modules of Hospital Information System.
Ans- Various modules of Hospital Information System
The following
is a list
of various hospital
management and information modules and their respective
functions and salient features.
Central Registration Module
Registration of cases: New, accident and
emergency, and new-borndirect/ referred by telephone;
Demographic
data, sponsor information,
billing information
(insurance company, organization,
etc.) and several other statistical codes;
Issues a unique registration number to each
patient, eliminating the opening of a duplicate file;
Admission/discharge/transfer/observation/disposed of
the casesdepending upon the
requirement and existing culture of the hospital, some systems have a
separate module for admission, discharge and
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5. Describe the components of quality assurance in health care.
Ans- Quality Assurance in Healthcare
Quality assurance is a process
through which the level of desired quality is defined, pursued, achieved, and
maintained through the institution of formal mechanisms for
detecting and correcting
factors which prevent
the achievement of the
desired quality. Terms
such as „peer
review‟, „quality
assurance‟, „quality
improvement‟, „quality activities‟,
„quality studies‟ and „audit‟
(including all types
of audit such
as medical, clinical,
surgical an d record audit) are
often used interchangeably. Quality assurance is a broad term that describes
the overall efforts of the facility to achieve effective care without compromising
on quality. Before
going into detail
let us analyze what Quality
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6. Explain Telemedicine in detail.
Ans- Telemedicine
Telemedicine is a part of
E-health. Telemedicine is the exchange of medical information through
an audiovisual medium.
It is usually
done when the distance becomes a crucial factor for
medical consultations. Telemedicine is making rapid progress in the field of
medicine. For example, Two medical
professionals discussing a case
over a phone or videoconference about a real-time consultation across two
different countries.
Telemedicine offers services such
as remote monitoring of a patient, quick access to health information, and
accurate treatment. The terms telehealth and telemedicine are often misused.
Telehealth refers
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SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MH0054 – Finance, Economics
and Planning in Healthcare
1. Give an account of incentives
available to healthcare sector under the income tax act.
Incentives Available to
Healthcare Sector under
the Income Tax Act
Recognizing the
critical role played by the health
Industry, the industry has been conferred with the infrastructure status under
section 10(23G) of the Income Act.
The Indian Health sector
consists of:
·
Medical care
providers like physicians, specialist clinics, nursing homes, hospitals.
·
Diagnostic service
centers and pathology laboratories.
·
Medical equipment
manufacturers.
·
Contract Research
Organizations (CRO's), pharmaceutical manufacturers.
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2. Define health economics?
Discuss the role of economists in healthcare industry.
A Meaning of health economics
Health economics is a
social system that studies the supply and demand of health care resources and
the effect of health services on a population. Generally, "health
economics" has been
used by health
administrators to refer to any
investigation that deals with money in its relationship to health.
There are
several important characteristics of
the medical market
that differentiate it from
the market of
classical economics, of
which two important considerations
being:
·
Profits
motive is not adequate enough to motivate healthcare sector
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3. Discuss the importance of
financial information in healthcare organisations.
Explanation of financial information in General
Rapid growth
of healthcare facilities
providing direct medical
services has substantially increased
the number of
decision-makers who need
to be familiar with financial
information.
Effective
decision-making in their jobs depends on the accurate information of the
financial information. Many
healthcare decision-makers involved directly in
healthcare delivery –
doctors, nurses, dieticians,
pharmacists, radiation technologist, physical
therapists, inhalation therapists
–
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4. Explain different methods of
evaluation of healthcare services.
There are many methods
to evaluate healthcare services, but the essential and more important ones are
discussed in subsequent sub-sections.
1. Marginal analysis
This is
the one of
simplest method of
micro-economic evaluation. In
this method, there is
no need to
know the total
exact costs or
benefits of the various
services or treatments.
It involves a
comparison of the
marginal costs and benefits
of the alternative
services, and it
leaves much to the
judgements of the decision-maker. It provides estimates of the implications of
redeploying
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5. Define cost accounting. Explain
the various categories of costs.
A. Definition of cost accounting
Cost accounting is the classification,
recording and appropriate allocation of expenditure for
the determination of
the products or
services, and for
the suitable presentation of data for
the purpose of control and
management. The cost accounting
normally includes the
cost of job
or contract, batch, process and so on. It normally
illustrates the following compartments of the cost aspect
of the organisation
viz. production, administration, selling
and distribution. The cost accounting not only reveals the amount of
costs, which are relevant with the product or service, but also
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6. What is financial reporting?
Explain the need for financial reporting.
A Definition of financial
reporting
The knowledge
about the financial
position of an
enterprise is extremely important for
its varied stakeholders.
That is why
they all need
reports developed for divulge such knowledge. Financial reporting is the
technical process involving the development of the reports providing the
knowledge of the financial health of the company.
The elements of the
financial reports include:
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