PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0050 - RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
1. Research is a sequential method
of enquiry, directed towards a clear implicit or explicit objective. Describe
in detail the steps to be carried out in a typical research study.
Meaning of Research : Different
scholars have interpreted the term ‘research’ in many ways. For instance, Fred
Kerlinger (1986) stated that ‘Scientific research is a systematic, controlled
and critical investigation of propositions about various phenomena.’ Grinnell
(1993) has simplified the debate and stated ‘The word research is composed of
two syllables, ‘re’ and ‘search’.
The
dictionary defines the former as a prefix meaning ‘again’, ‘anew’ or ‘over
again’. Search is defined as a verb meaning ‘to examine closely and carefully’,
‘to test and try’, or ‘to probe’. Together, they form a noun describing a
careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in
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Q2. What are descriptive research
designs? Explain the different kinds of descriptive research designs.
Descriptive Research
Designs
As the name implies, the
objective of descriptive research studies is to provide a comprehensive and
detailed explanation of the phenomena under study. The intended objective might
be to give a detailed sketch or profile of the respondent population being studied.
For example, to design an advertising and sales promotion campaign for high-end
watches, a marketer would require a holistic profile of the population that
buys such luxury products. Thus a descriptive study, (which generates data on
who, what, when, where, why andhowof luxury accessory brand purchase) would be
the design necessary to fulfill the research objectives.
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3. Discuss the concepts involved in Testing of
Hypothesis. Also discuss the steps involved in testing the hypothesis.
Meaning of Hypothesis :
A hypothesis is an assumption or
a statement that may or may not be true. The hypothesis is tested on the basis
of information obtained from a sample. Instead of asking, for example, what the
mean assessed value of an apartment in a multistoried building is, one may be
interested in knowing whether or not the assessed value equals some particular
value, say `80 lakh. Some other examples could be whether a new drug is more
effective than the existing drug based on the sample data, and whether the
proportion of smokers in a class is different from 0.30.
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4. a. Distinguish between:
i. Schedules and Questionnaires
Difference between Schedule and Questionnaire:
|
S.No
|
Questionnaire
|
Schedule
|
|
1
|
Questionnaire is
generally sent through mail to informants to be answered as specified in a
covering letter, but otherwise without further assistance from the sender.
|
A schedule is generally filled by the research worker or
enumerator, who can interpret the questions when necessary.
|
|
2
|
Data collection is cheap and economical as the money is spent in
preparation of questionnaire and in mailing the same to respondents.
|
Data collection is
more expensive as money is spent on enumerators and in imparting trainings to
them. Money is also spent in preparing schedules.
|
|
3
|
Non response is usually high as many people do not respond
and many return the questionnaire without answering all questions. Bias due
to non response often remains indeterminate.
|
Non response is very low because this is filled by enumerators
who are able to get answers to all questions. But even in this their remains
the danger of interviewer bias and cheating.
|
|
4
|
It is not clear that who replies.
|
Identity of respondent is not known.
|
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Q4.(b). Explain the questionnaire design process.
Process of
Questionnaire Designing
Even though the questionnaire method is most used by
researchers, designing a well-structured instrument needs considerable skill.
Presented below is a standardized process that a researcher can follow.
1. Convert the research objectives into
information areas : This is the first step of the design process. By this
time the researcher is clear about the research questions; research objectives;
variables to be studied; research information required and the characteristics
of the population being studied.
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5. Explain the any
three types of
comparative and non-comparative scales
of each in detail.
Definition of Comparative scales
In comparative scales it is
assumed that respondents make use of a standard frame of reference before
answering the question. For example:
A question like ‘How do you
rate Barista in comparison to Cafe Coffee Day on quality of beverages?’ is an
example of the comparative rating scale. It involves the direct comparison of
stimulus objects.
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6. Explain the Structure of the
Research Report. What are the guidelines for effective report writing?
Explanation of the Structure of the Research Report
1. Preliminary Section: This section mainly consists of
identification information for the study conducted. It has the following
individual elements:
Title page:The title
should be crisp and indicative of the nature of the project.
Letter of authorization:The author
of this letter is the business manager who formally gives the permission for
executing the project. The tone of this letter, unlike the above document, is
very precise and formal.
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME - MB0051-Legal Aspects of Business
1. Legal constraints tend to
control or limit the discretion of businesses on the grounds that absolute
rights cannot be conferred in the modern society.
Law and
business are complementary
disciplines. Certain business
practices may amount
to monopolistic, restrictive
or unfair trade practices. Products
supplied may be
defective or there
may be deficiencies in
the service provided
by a business.
Laws are
almost a universal human need. No society can exist
without legal order. We need institutions and
a framework of
rules and regulations
to provide concreteness
to our mutual relations.
Without laws, there would be anarchy
in society. For this reason, rules
of
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2. What is a contract? What test
would you apply to ascertain whether an agreement is a contract?
Answer:
A contract is an
agreement enforceable by law, made
between at least two parties. According to Section 2 (h) of the Indian
Contracts Act, 1872, a contract is an agreement enforceable by law made between
at least two parties as per which rights and obligations are mutually created
for both parties.
Example: D Airlines sells
a ticket on
1 January to X for the journey from Mumbai to Bangalore on 10 January. The airline is under an obligation or duty
to take X from Mumbai to Bangalore
on 10 January. In case the
airline fails to fulfill
its promise, X
has the right
to
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3. “Power of Attorney is
considered as an important concept in Business Law”. Explain.
Meaning
Power of
attorney is defined by Section 2(21) of the Stamp Act as including “any instrument
not chargeable with
a fee under
the law relating
to court fees for the time being
in force,” that empowers “a specified person to act for and in the name of the
person executing it”. It is the Powers of Attorney Act, 1882, that deals with
the subject but does not define it. In common parlance, a power
of attorney is
an instrument or
a deed by
which a person
is
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4. “A cheque is a bill of exchange
drawn on a banker”. Comment
Answer:
A cheque is the usual method
of withdrawing money from an account with a banker. Savings bank account or current account holders are permitted to operate by
cheques provided, and
a certain minimum
balance is to be
maintained. A cheque, in essence, is an order by the customer of the bank
directing his banker to pay
on demand, the specified amount, to or to the order of
the person named
therein or to
the bearer. Section
6 defines a cheque.
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5. Explain the nature and scope of
complaints under the Consumer Protection Act?
Nature and scope of complaints under the Consumer Protection Act:
To provide simple, speedy and inexpensive
redressal of consumer grievances, the Act envisages three-tier
quasi-judicial machinery at
the district, state
and national levels. At the
district level, the redressal forum is called as District
Forum. The State Government may, if it
deems fit, establish more than one District
Forum in a
district. At the
state level, there
are to be
similar redressal
commissions to be
known as State
Commissions and at the
national level, there
is a National
Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission to be known as National
Commission.
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6. Explain the need and types of
meetings.
Need for meetings
A company
is an artificial
person and therefore,
must act through
some human intermediary. The various provisions of law empower
shareholders to do certain things. They are specifically reserved for them to
be done in company’s general meetings. Section
291 empowers the Board of
Directors to manage the
affairs of the
company. In this
context , meetings of shareholders and
directors become necessary.
The Act has
made provisions for following
different types of
meetings of shareholders:
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