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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0050 - RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
1. Briefly describe the different
steps involved in a research process. Distinguish between descriptive and
causal research studies.
Meaning of research:
Different scholars have
interpreted the term ‘research’ in many ways. For instance, Fred Kerlinger
(1986) stated that ‘Scientific research is a systematic, controlled and
critical investigation of propositions about various phenomena.’ Grinnell
(1993) has simplified the debate and stated ‘The word research is
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2. Distinguish between
primary and secondary
methods of data
collection. Explain the Interview method of data collection
Difference between primary and
secondary methods of
data collection are as follows:
Primary data,as the
name suggests, is original, problem- or project-specific and collected for the
specific objectives and needs spelt out by the researcher. The accuracy and
relevance is reasonably high. The time and money required for this are quite
high and sometimes a researcher might not have the
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3 a. Discuss four types of measurement scales with
examples.
b. Briefly explain the concepts of
reliability, validity and sensitivity.
a. Meaning of Measurement scales
and types of Measurement scales with examples:
Meaning:
The term ‘measurement’
means assigning numbers or some other symbols to the characteristics of certain
objects. When numbers are used, the researcher must have a rule for assigning a
number to an observation in a way that provides an accurate description. We do
not measure the object but some characteristics of it. Therefore, in research,
people/consumers are not measured; what is measured only are their perceptions,
attitude or any other relevant characteristics. There are two reasons for which
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3. b. Explanation of the concepts
of reliability, validity and sensitivity
Reliability : Reliability
is concerned with consistency, accuracy and predictability of the scale. It
refers to the extent to which a measurement process is free from random errors.
The reliability of a scale can be measured using the following methods: Test–retest
reliability:In this method, repeated measurements of the same person or group
using the same scale under similar conditions are taken. A very high
correlation between the two scores indicates that the scale is reliable. The researcher
has to be careful
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4. a. Distinguish between:
i. Schedules and Questionnaires
Difference between Schedule and Questionnaire:
|
S.No
|
Questionnaire
|
Schedule
|
|
1
|
Questionnaire is
generally sent through mail to informants to be answered as specified in a
covering letter, but otherwise without further assistance from the sender.
|
A schedule is
generally filled by the research worker or enumerator, who can interpret the
questions when necessary.
|
|
2
|
Data collection is
cheap and economical as the money is spent in preparation of questionnaire
and in mailing the same to respondents.
|
Data collection is
more expensive as money is spent on enumerators and in imparting trainings to
them. Money is also spent in preparing schedules.
|
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Q4.a. ii. Open ended and closed ended questions
The main difference
between a closed-ended question and an open-ended question is the type of
response that can be given. With a closed-ended question there are a limited
number of choices to choose from when answering, but with an open-ended
question the respondent can answer in their
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4. b. What are the different modes
of administering a questionnaire? What are the conditions that merit the use of
one over the other? Discuss by using suitable examples.
The Questionnaire Method: The
questionnaire is a research technique that consists of a series of questions
asked to respondents, in order to obtain statistically useful information about
a given topic. It is one of the most cost-effective methods of collecting
primary data, which can be used with considerable ease by most individual and
business researchers. It has the advantage of flexibility of approach and can
be successfully adapted for most research studies. The instrument has been
defined
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5 a. What is the analysis of variance? What are
the assumptions of the technique? Give a few examples where the techniques
could be used.
Meaning :
The test of hypothesis
concerning the equality of two population means using both the Zand t tests.
However, if there are more than two populations, the test for the equality of
means could be carried out by considering two populations at a time. This would
be a very cumbersome procedure. One easy way out could be to use the Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) technique. The technique helps in performing this test in
one go and, therefore, is considered to be important technique of analysis for
the researcher. Through this technique it is possible to draw inferences whether
the samples have been drawn from
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5. b. The following data
represents the number of units produced by four operators during three
different shifts:
|
Shifts
|
Operator
|
|||
|
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
|
I
|
10
|
8
|
12
|
13
|
|
II
|
10
|
12
|
14
|
15
|
|
III
|
12
|
10
|
11
|
14
|
Perform a two-way
analysis of variance and interpret the result.
Ans. 5 . b
M1 vs M2 nonsignificant,
M1 vs M3 nonsignificant, M1 vs M4 nonsignificant, M2 vs M3 nonsignificant
M2 vs M4 P<.05
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6. Explain the three basic
principles of professional ethics that any research must follow. How do
you follow an
ethical practice while
collecting information from
the respondents?
Basic principles of professional ethics
Professional creed
•At no stage should the
researcher exaggerate or underplay the expense or effort incurred in the
conduct of the study. Thus, sometimes the investigator might overclaim the
expense incurred in travel or field visit. On the other hand, he might underpay
the field investigators that he has kept for data
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PROGRAM - MBA
SEM 1
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME - MB0051-Legal Aspects of Business
1. What are the rights of a
surety?
Rights of a Surety:
Rights against the creditor
In case of fidelity
guarantee, the surety can direct a creditor to dismiss the employee whose
honesty he/she has
guaranteed, in the
event of proven dishonesty of the employee. The
creditor’s failure to do so will exonerate the surety from his/her liability.
Rights against the principal
debtor
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2. Explain duties of a Bailor and
a Bailee.
Duties of a bailor
• To
disclose known faults
in goods (Section
150) – The
bailor is bound to
disclose to the
bailee, all faults
in goods bailed,
of which he/she is aware of. These faults materially interfere with
the use of them or expose the bailee to extraordinary risks. If the bailor
does not make such
disclosure, he/she is
responsible for the
damage arising to the
bailee directly from such faults.
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Duties of a bailee
• To take care of goods bailed
(Section 151) – In
all cases of bailment, the bailee is bound to take care of the goods bailed to
him as a man of ordinary prudence would, under similar circumstances, take
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3. “Power of Attorney is
considered as an important concept in Business Law”. Explain.
Meaning
Power of attorney is
defined by Section 2(21) of the Stamp Act as including “any instrument
not chargeable with
a fee under
the law relating
to court fees for the time being
in force,” that empowers “a specified person to act for and in the name of the
person executing it”. It is the Powers of Attorney Act, 1882, that deals with
the subject but does not define it. In common parlance, a power
of
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4. “The Banking Regulation Act,
1949, provides various methods of regulation of the banking business”. Describe
the key areas of regulation.
Regulation of business
The Banking Regulation
Act, 1949, provides various methods of
regulation of the banking business. Some of the key areas of regulation are:
• Power to
provide directions –
Sections 21 and
35A of the Act
empower the RBI to regulate the business of banks by issuing directions
controlling various aspects of banking.
Section 21 provides the power to regulate advances
of banking companies,
while Section 35A
provides powers of
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5. Explain the nature and scope of
complaints under the Consumer Protection Act?
Nature and scope of complaints under the Consumer Protection Act:
To provide simple, speedy and inexpensive
redressal of consumer grievances, the Act envisages three-tier
quasi-judicial machinery at
the district, state
and national levels. At the
district level, the redressal forum is called as District
Forum. The State Government may, if it
deems fit, establish more than one District
Forum in a
district. At the
state level, there
are to be
similar redressal
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6. Explain the need and types of
meetings.
Need for meetings
A company
is an artificial
person and therefore,
must act through
some human intermediary. The various provisions of law empower
shareholders to do certain things. They are specifically reserved for them to
be done in company’s general meetings. Section
291 empowers the Board of
Directors to manage the affairs of
the company. In
this context , meetings
of shareholders and directors
become necessary. The
Act has made provisions for
following different types
of meetings of
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM 0010 - OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
1. What are the objectives of
inventory management? Explain the types of inventory
Explanation of objectives
Some other important
objectives of inventory management are as follows:
To gain an upper edge
over the competitors: Managing an
appropriate inventory assists organisations to maintain an upper edge over
competitors. Adequate inventory provides
an edge to the nearest
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2. Explain the steps in
engineering service process.
The steps required in the engineering of service processes are as
follows:
1. Determine the objective of the service that would be provided by the service
operator: It is
the most important
and critical step.
It includes the main goals of an
organisation that is related to
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3. Explain the various types of
demand.
Types of demand
Demand is generally
classified based on various factors, such as nature of a product, usage
of a product,
number of consumers
of a product
and suppliers of a
product. The demand
for a particular
product would be different
in different situations.
Therefore, organisations should
be clear about the type of demand
for their products. The different types
of demand are discussed as follows:
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4. Define operations strategy .
What are the factors influencing operations strategy? explain the types of
operations strategy.
Definition of operations strategy
You can
define operations strategy
as a plan
that details how an
organisation utilises its
resources to achieve
the goals set
by the top management.
According to Slack and
Lewis, 2011, “Operations strategy is the total pattern of decisions, which
shape the long term capabilities of any type of operation and their
contribution to overall strategy, through the
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5. What is Markov analysis? Give
some important applications of Markov analysis.
Explanation of Markov analysis
Markov analysis
is a technique
that is used
to analyse the
present behaviour of a
variable and estimate its future
behaviour. The concept
of Markov analysis was
introduced by Andrei
A. Markov in
the early 1900s. Markov analysis is also
known as Markov process or Markov
chains. It is a process
that is characterised
as memory less
as the next
state depends upon the current
state
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6. State the factors influencing
decision making.
Decisions are taken
after considering many
factors. The factors
that influence the decision making process are as follows:
The objective
of decision making:
It is the
basic and the
most crucial factor in decision
making. If the objective is not well defined or is not well set, then
the entire exercise of decision making is a waste.
The data and facts
required for making the decision: The data and facts that are
required in the
decision making process,
play a great
role. Organisations that are process based and rely on data and
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE : OM0011 ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
1. Write short notes on:
a)
Integrated
data model
b)
Latest
trends in ERP
c)
Order
management sub module of sales and distribution module of ERP system
d)
Organisational
management sub module of Human resource module of ERP system
(a)
Integrated
data model
In the
context of ERP
implementation, the creation
of an integrated
data model is one of the most critical steps. An ERP system aims at
providing access to integrated
data to all
the employees of
an enterprise. This integrated data is used for
business decision making. Once an
ERP system is implemented in an enterprise,
the data pertaining to a single department is
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2. Write short notes on :
a)
Kanban
b)
ERP vendors
c)
Data Mining
d)
Collaborative
CRM
(a)
Kanban
Kanban is a Japanese term used for ‘visual record'. It
is an inventory control system that was
developed at Toyota
in the 1950s
by Taiichi Ohno. According to
him, Kanban is a means
through which JIT
is achieved. In Toyota, it was used as a technique for
managing the flow of materials on the assembly
line. Over the
passage of time,
Kanban has become
a highly
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3. What are the benefits and
features of ERP purchase module.
Benefits of purchase module
The following are the
benefits of the purchase module of an ERP system:
·
Minimises manual operations and paperwork.
·
Helps in reducing
inventory levels through
efficient inventory management,
thereby
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4. What are the benefits and
features of ERP financial module?
Benefits of ERP Financial Module
Some of the main benefits of
the financial module of an ERP system are:
·
Provides
authorised access to
financial data to
multiple users at the
same time.
·
Converts financial values in multiple currencies.
·
Generates accurate financial statements.
·
Connects different databases through a single source.
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5. What are the important functions of the ERP inventory management
module? List any FIVE main reasons for the failure of ERP implementation.
The functions of the ERP inventory
management module:
Material Requisition
Management: The inventory
management module maintains the
information related to the inventory requirements, identified by the different
departments of an organisation.
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6. What are the different phases
of ERP implementation life cycle?
The different phases of the ERP implementation lifecycle are as follows:
1. Pre-evaluation screening
Pre-evaluation screening
is the first
phase of the
ERP implementation
lifecycle. It includes examining all the
available ERP systems. Among these systems,
those that are
able to meet
the organisation’s requirements
are selected.
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM0012 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
1. Write short notes on:
Intermodal transportation
Capacitated plant location model
Bulk shipments
Purchasing strategies
A Intermodal transportation
It is a combination of at least
two or more modes of transportation. For example, a manufacturer using water
transport to ship goods from one country to another, and then using the road
transport to get the goods to a customer. It is one of the most important modes
of transportation as it becomes essential in situations where one mode of
transportation is not
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2. Discuss the steps involved in
the measurement of supplier performance.
Following are the
seven steps that
comprise a process
to develop and deploy supplier assessment:
1. Aligning
the goals and objectives of the
supplier performance with
the organisation’s goals.
2. Identifying an approach for evaluating the
supplier performance.
3. Developing a method to collect supplier
information.
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3. Write short notes on:
Lead time reduction
Cross docking
Distributor integration
e-sourcing
A Lead time reduction
In supply chain management,
we define lead time as the time taken from the moment the buyer places an order
to the moment it is received by the buyer. Lead
time reduction is
one of the
powerful methods to
reduce cost throughout the
supply chain. It
also helps to
enhance the customer satisfaction. Increase
in uncertainty, increase
in inventory costs
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4. What are the issues faced in
global supply chain?
The following are the
different issues in Global Supply Chain Management
·
International versus regional products
·
Local autonomy versus central control
·
Project scale and span of control
·
Technology solutions
·
Cost of technology absorption
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5. What is standardisation?
Explain the four approaches to standardisation?
Standardisation
Standardisation is a process of using a standard product in place of a family
of products. Standardisation helps to achieve economies of scale by doing an
activity once and repeating it many times. Generally, lead time can be
shortened by reducing inventory levels and increasing forecast accuracy.
However, after a certain stage it cannot be achieved in the same way (stock out
issue), but standardisation can be used to further reduce the lead time. There
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6. Discuss the impacts of
e-commerce on SCM.
E-commerce impacts SCM in the following ways:
• Cost efficiency –
E-commerce facilitates transportation companies
of all sizes to
exchange data over
the Internet regarding
the cargo. It allows shippers, firms associated with
trucking and freight forwarders to update
their documents related
to cash and
time investments that
are necessary for the traditional paper work system.
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PROGRAM - MBA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM 0013 – ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
1. List and explain the various
phases of production planning and control.
Phases in the Production Planning and Control
Planning phase: Planning is considered an efficient
forecasting tool, which states how the
objectives can be achieved and how a particular requirement can be fulfilled in
the future. It has two categories of planning, namely the prior planning and
the active planning, which are described as follows:
• Pre-planning:
This includes the
planning done prior
to the active planning. It
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2. Explain the various types of
layout
Different layouts are as follows:
Process layout: Process
layout is also called the functional layout or batch production layout.
It involves grouping
of similar machines
in one department. For
example, machines engaged
in the drilling
work may be installed in the drilling area, casting
machines in the casting area, etc. In this way, there would be a heat treatment
department, a painting department, a machining
department and so on, where
similar machines would
be installed in the
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3. Describe the different
strategies of aggregate planning
The different strategies of
aggregate planning are as follows: -
Active strategy
Active strategy
focuses on customer
needs, and manages
variations in demand accordingly.
In this strategy,
the competitor’s strategies
are thoroughly examined. Following are the features of active strategy:
·
Manages and controls fluctuations in demand
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4. Explain the commonly used
techniques for work measurement.
Work measurement techniques are as below:
Time study: It is used to determine the amount of time required to perform a unit
of work. It
entails observing and
recording the time
required to perform each element of an operation so as
to determine the reasonable time
in which the work should be completed.
Main objectives of time study are
as follows:
·
Identifying the time required by an individual to
perform a job
·
Establishing a
basis for comparing operational effectiveness
·
Comparing different work methods to select the best
one
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5. Discuss the eight dimensions of quality.
The basic
definition of quality
states that a
quality product meets
the expectations of the
customers. In order
to define quality,
certain quality dimensions are
to be considered.
David Garvin, a
Harvard professor, performed a
research on quality
issues and derived
eight dimensions for quality.
The eight dimensions of
quality are discussed as follows:
Performance: How well does a
product perform with respect to its intended use? Performance becomes a source
of confrontation between the customer and the supplier, especially when
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6. What are the steps involved in the purchasing cycle?
Steps involved in the
purchasing cycle are explained as follows:
1. Identifying the need:
It refers to the first step
of the
purchasing cycle in which the requirements of materials are
determined by the purchase department.
These requirements are
determined by taking
into consideration the purchase
requisitions and Bill
of Materials (BOM), which were discussed in the previous
unit.
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