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Program MBA - Semester
1
Subject code & name MB0038 – Management Process
and Organisation Behavior
1.Define the terms ‘strategy’. Explain the following:
a) Corporate strategy
b) Business strategy
c) Functional strategy
Strategy
Once you
have your vision,
you have to
see how that
vision can be executed. Here is where strategy comes in.
Strategy means the grand plan and the term is borrowed from the military which
distinguished between the grand
plan and actual
action by calling
the former strategy
and the latter tactics.
Strategy in organisations
can be divided into three:
·
Corporate strategy
·
Business strategy
·
Functional strategy
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2. Define the
term ‘management’. Explain
the Behavioural science
theory and Systems theory.
Definition of management
We can realise that
management has been happening right through the history of man and it is all
about making things smooth or shall we say efficient. It is also about
achieving our goals which in modern management literature we call
‘effectiveness’.
According
to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art
of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups. It
is an art of creating an
environment in which
people can perform
as
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3. Give the definition and
importance of planning in an organisation and explain the steps in planning.
Definition and Importance of
Planning
Planning can
be defined as a basic
management function which
enables one to select the purpose of the business, and how the resources
should be mustered to achieve that purpose to include using the available
resources optimally to do
that. Planning implies
goal setting for
the organisation keeping in mind
the constraints, opportunities, and
threats as much as what the person or
business which is
planning wants to
do. Thus, a
plan is a blueprint
for goal achievement,
a blue print
that
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4. What is meant by leading?
Describe the characteristics of leading.
Concept of leading :
In the
manufacturing economy, once
people have been
positioned to do various
activities, the next
step was to
pass instructions to
the people on how to accomplish a task. This worked well
in large factory floors. But, when services economy set in, direction-giving
underwent a change. Here, people had
a different meaning
since they had
to take their
own initiatives to do
tasks if
the company had
to be competitive.
In due course,
the need for innovation and
continuous improvement compelled
even large manufacturing shop
floors to shift
to leading than directing.
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5. What are ‘attitudes’? Explain the components and functions of
attitude.
Attitudes:
Attitudes are
also known as
"frames of reference." They
provide the background against
which facts and
events are viewed.
It becomes necessary to
know the attitudes
of members of
an organisation because they have to perceive specific
aspects like pay, hours of work, promotion, etc. of
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6. Define leadership.
Differentiate between ‘Laissez Faire’ and ‘democratic’ leadership style.
Definitions of leadership
Warren Bennis'
definition of leadership
is focused much
more on the individual capability
of the leader:
"Leadership is a
function of knowing yourself, having
a vision that
is well communicated,
building trust among colleagues, and
taking effective action
to realise your
own leadership potential."
Bernard
M. Bass states that "leadership has been conceived as the focus of
group processes, as
a matter of
personality, as a
matter of inducing compliance, as the exercise of
influence, as particular
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PROGRAM - MBA -
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0043 –Human Resource
Management
1. Explain the objectives and
methods of Training.
Meaning of Training :
Training enhances
the skills and
capabilities of employees
in an organisation. A successful
training programme improves the performance of an employee which in turn
enhances organisational performance.
Training is an
essential part of the orientation programme for new recruits in an
organisation.
The main objectives of training are:
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2. Discuss the elements of a
Career Planning Programme. Explain some of the benefits of a Career Planning
program to an organization.
Elaborate the elements of a Career Planning Programme
There are four distinct
elements of career planning programme:
·
Individual assessment and need analysis
·
Organisational assessment and opportunity
analysis
·
Need – opportunity alignment
·
Career counselling
Individual assessment and need
analysis
Many people
begin their careers
without any formal
assessment of their abilities, interests,
career
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3. Explain the process of Job
Analysis. Discuss the methods of Job Analysis.
Definition of Job Analysis:
Job analysis
is the process
of determining and
recording all the
pertinent information about a specific job, including the tasks
involved, the knowledge and skill set required to perform the job, the
responsibilities attached to the job and abilities required to perform the job
successfully. Job analysis is a
process to identify
and determine in
detail the particular
job duties and requirements and the
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4. Discuss the objectives of
Discipline. Explain the Action –penalties of Discipline.
Objectives of Discipline
The aims and objectives
of discipline are:
·
to ensure and enable employees to work in
accordance with the rules and regulations of the organisation.
·
to
ensure that employees
follow the organisational processes
and procedures in spite of their different personalities and behaviour.
·
to provide direction to the employees and fix
responsibilities.
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5. Suppose you have joined as an
HR and you have been assigned a task to carry out the grievance handling
procedure in your organization. What according to you are the causes of
Grievance? Describe in detail the Grievance handling procedure.
Causes of Grievance
Grievances may occur for
a number of reasons:
(a) Economic:
Wage fixation, over
time bonus, wage
revision etc. Employees may feel
that they are paid less when compared to others.
(b) Work
environment: Poor physical
conditions of workplace,
tight production norms, defective
tools and equipment,
poor quality of materials, unfair rules, lack of
recognitions etc.
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6. Write a short note on the
following :
a)Index /Trend Analysis
b)Delphi Technique
Index/Trend analysis
Trend analysis
forecasts the requirement
for additional manpower
by projecting trends of
the past and
present to the
future. It makes
use of operational indices for
this.
• Historical relationship
between the operational
index and the
Demand for Labour.
• Operational indices
used are:
– Sales
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PROGRAM MBA -
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MB0042- MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
1. Inflation is a global Phenomenon which is associated with high price
causes decline in the value for money. It exists when the amount of money in
the country is in excess of the physical volume of goods and services. Explain
the reasons for this monetary phenomenon.
Meaning:
Inflation has
become a global
phenomenon in recent
years. Development economics is
very much associated
with inflation. An
in-depth study of inflation is of paramount importance to a
student of managerial economics .The term
inflation is used
in many senses
and hence it
is very difficult
to give a generally
accepted, universally agreeable,
and precise definition
to the term inflation.
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2. Monopoly is the situation there exists a single control over the
market producing a commodity having no substitutes with no possibilities for
anyone to enter the industry to compete. In that situation, they will not charge
a uniform price for all the customers in the market and also the pricing policy
followed in that situation.
Meaning and definition
Monopoly means
existence of a
single seller in
the market. Monopoly
is that market form in which a single producer controls the whole supply
of a single commodity which has no close
substitutes. Monopoly may be defined, as
a condition of production in which a single firm has the power to fix
the price of
the commodity or
the output of the commodity.
It is a situation
there exists a
single
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3. Define Fiscal Policy and the instruments of Fiscal policy.
Meaning:
The term
“fisc” in English language means “treasury”, and the policy related to treasury or government
exchequer is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is a
package of economic
measures of the
Government regarding public expenditure, public
revenue, public debt
or public borrowings.
It concerns itself with the
aggregate effects of government expenditure and taxation on income,
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4. Describe Cost-Output Relationship in brief.
Definition of cost-output relationship
Cost and
output are correlated.
Cost-output relations play
an important role in
almost all business
decisions. It throws
light on cost minimisation or profit
maximisation and optimisation of
output. The relation between the cost and output is technically described as
the “cost function”. The
significance of cost-output
relationship is so
great that in
economic analysis, the cost
function usually refers
to the relationship
between cost and rate of output
alone and we assume that all other
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5. Discuss the practical application of Price elasticity and Income
elasticity of demand.
Practical application of price elasticity of demand
Few examples on the
practical application of price elasticity of demand are as follows:
1. Production planning – It
helps a producer to decide about the volume of
production. If the
demand for his
products is inelastic,
specific quantities can be produced while he has to produce different
quantities, if the demand is elastic.
2. Helps in fixing the prices of different
goods –
It helps a producer to fix the price of his product. If the demand for
his product is inelastic, he can fix a higher price and if the demand is
elastic, he has to
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6. Discuss the scope of managerial economics.
Definition of Managerial Economics
Managerial economics is
a science that deals
with the application
of various economic
theories,
principles, concepts
and techniques to
business management in
order to solve business
and management problems.
It deals with
the practical application of
economic theory and
methodology in decision-making problems faced by private,
public and non-profit making organisations. The
same idea has
been expressed by
Spencer and Siegelman,
in the following
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PROGRAM MBA -
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0041 & FINANCIAL AND
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
1. Accounting is an art of
recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of
money transactions and events. Explain the accounting process and write the
objectives of accounting.
Accounting Process
1. Identifying the transactions and events – This
is the first step in the accounting process. It recognises the transactions of
financial character that are essential to be recorded in the books of accounts.
When money, goods, or services
are transferred from
one person or
account to
another person or
account, it is known as a transaction.
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2. Journal is a book of original
entry and only one journal is maintained if the business is very small in size
and the transactions are limited. Give the meaning of a subsidiary book. List
and explain all the types of subsidiary books.
Subsidiary Books - Meaning
Each subsidiary
book is meant
for recording transactions
of a particular type. Typically,
the subsidiary books
are maintained for
transactions that occur most
repeatedly and are
most voluminous. For
example, sales, purchases, and
cash transactions.
The following seven
types of subsidiary books are popular.
1. Purchases book
2. Sales book
3. Purchases returns book
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3. For the
following balances extracted
from a trial
balance, prepare a
trading account.
|
Particulars
|
Amount in Rs.
|
|
Stock on 1-1-2004
|
70700
|
|
Returns inwards
|
3000
|
|
Returns outwards
|
3000
|
|
Purchases
|
102000
|
|
Debtors
|
56000
|
|
Creditors
|
45000
|
|
Carriage inwards
|
5000
|
|
Carriage outwards
|
4000
|
|
Import duty on materials received from abroad
|
6000
|
|
Clearing charges
|
7000
|
|
Rent of business shop
|
12000
|
|
Royalty paid to extract materials
|
10000
|
|
Fire insurance on stock
|
2000
|
|
Wages paid to workers
|
8000
|
|
Office salaries
|
10000
|
|
Cash discount
|
1000
|
|
Gas, electricity, and water
|
4000
|
|
Sales
|
250000
|
Answer:
Trading
Account For the Year Ending
Dr. Cr.
|
Particulars
|
Rs.
|
Particulars
|
Rs.
|
|
To stock on 1-1-2004
|
70700
|
|
|
|
To Purchases 102000
|
|
By sales 250000
|
|
|
(-) Returns
|
|
(-) Returns
|
|
|
Outwards 3000
|
99000
|
Inwards 3000
|
247000
|
|
To Carriage inwards
|
5000
|
|
|
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4. Write short notes on :
a) Cost Management System(CMS)
b) Value added
a)
Cost
Management System (CMS)
The explosion in
technology coupled with increasing worldwide competition, is forcing managers
to produce high quality goods and services
in order to provide outstanding customer service and at the lowest
possible cost. Horngren and others define a CMS as “a collection of tools and
techniques that identifies how management’s decisions affect costs”.
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5. Ajay industries manufactures a product X. On 1st January,
2007, there were 5000 units of finished product in stock.
Work-in-progress
Rs.57,400
Raw materials
Rs.1,16,200
The information
available from cost records for the year ended 31st December, 2007
is as follows:
|
Direct material
|
9,06,900
|
|
Direct labour
|
3 ,26,400
|
|
Freight on R M purchased
|
55,700
|
|
Indirect labour
|
1,21,600
|
|
Other factory overhead
|
3,17,300
|
|
Stock of raw materials on 31st
Dec 2007
|
96,400
|
|
Work-in-progress on 31st
Dec 2007
|
78,200
|
|
Sales (1,50,000 units)
|
30,00,000
|
|
Indirect materials
|
2,13,900
|
There are 15000 units
of finished stock in hand on 31st December 2007. Prepare a statement
of cost and profit assuming that opening stock of finished goods is to be
valued at the same cost per unit as the finished stock at the end of the
period.
Answer:
Statement of Cost and Profit of Product X
|
Particular
|
Rs.
|
Rs.
|
|
Opening Stock of Raw Materials
|
1,16,200
|
|
|
Add: Direct Materials
|
9,06,900
|
|
|
Add: Freight on Raw Materials purchased
|
55,700
|
|
|
Total
|
10,78,800
|
|
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6. Assume a company
is considering dropping
product B from
its line because accounting statement shows that
product B is being sold at a loss.
|
Product
|
Income Statement
|
|||
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
Total
|
|
|
Sales revenue
|
50,000
|
7,500
|
12,500
|
70,000
|
|
Cost of sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. material
|
7,500
|
1,000
|
1,500
|
10,000
|
|
D. labour
|
15,000
|
2,000
|
2,500
|
19,500
|
|
Indirect manufacturing cost (50% of
Direct labour) |
7,500
|
1,000
|
1,250
|
9,750
|
|
Total
|
30,000
|
4,000
|
5,250
|
39,250
|
|
Gross margin on sales
|
20,000
|
3,500
|
7,250
|
30,750
|
|
Selling and Admn
|
12,500
|
4,500
|
4,000
|
21,000
|
|
Net income
|
7,500
|
-1,000
|
3,250
|
9,750
|
Additional information:
a) Factory overhead cost is made up of fixed
cost of Rs. 5850 and variable cost of Rs. 3900.
b) Variable
cost by products
are: A –
Rs. 3000, B – Rs.
400, and C – Rs. 500.
c) Fixed costs and expense will not be changed
if product B is eliminated.
d) Variable selling and administrative expenses
to the extent of Rs. 11000 can be
traced to the
product: A -
Rs.7,500, B - Rs.1500, and C - Rs. 2000.
e) Fixed selling and administration expense are
Rs. 10000.
Answer:
|
Product
|
Income Statement
|
|||
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
Total
|
|
|
Sales revenue
|
50,000
|
7,500
|
12,500
|
70,000
|
|
Less V.C
|
|
|
|
|
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PROGRAM - MBA -
SEMESTER I
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MB0040
STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT
1. A statistical survey is a
scientific process of collection and analysis of numerical data. Explain the
stages of statistical survey. Describe the various methods for collecting data
in a statistical survey.
Meaning of statistical survey: A
statistical survey is
a scientific process
of collection and
analysis of numerical data.
Statistical surveys are
used to collect
information about units in a population
and it involves asking questions to individuals. Surveys of human
populations are common
in government, health,
social science and marketing
sectors.
Stages of statistical survey (Listing and Explanation)
1 Planning a statistical survey: The relevance and accuracy of data
obtained in a survey depends upon the care taken in planning. A properly
planned investigation can lead to the
best results with least cost
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2. a) Explain the approaches to define probability.
Approaches to define probability
There are four
approaches to define probability :
1) Classical / mathematical /
priori approach: Under this approach the probability of an event is
known before conducting the experiment. In this case, each of possible outcomes
is associated with equal probability of
occurrence and number of outcomes favourable to the concerned event is known.
Let a
random experiment have n equally
likely, mutually exclusive
and exhaustive outcomes. Let m of these outcomes be favourable to an
event A. Then, probability of A is –
of the sample space.
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2. b. In a
bolt factory machines
A, B, C
manufacture 25, 35 and 40
percent of the
total output. Of their total output 5, 4 and 2 percent are defective
respectively. A bolt is drawn at
random and is
found to be
defective. What are
the probabilities that
it was manufactured by machines
A, B and C?
Let, Ai ( i
= 1 , 2, 3) be the event of drawing a bolt produced by machine A, B, and C,
respectively. From the data we know that
P(A1) =
0.25; P(A2) = 0.35, P(A3) = 0.40
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3 a) The
procedure of testing
hypothesis requires a
researcher to adopt
several steps. Describe in brief
all such steps.
The procedure of
testing hypothesis requires
a researcher to
adopt several steps are as follows :
Step - 1 : State null
hypothesis (Ho) and alternate hypothesis (H1)
Step - 2 : State the
level of significance. This gives you the tabulated normal/'t' - value
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b) A sample
of 400 items
is taken from
a normal population
whose mean as
well as variance is 4. If the
sample mean is 4.5, can the sample be
regarded as a truly random sample?
Ans:
Given that Mean : 4.5 ,
Variance : 4 and n : 400
S.D. or 
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4 a. What is a Chi-square test?
Point out its applications. Under what conditions is this test applicable?
Meaning of Chi-square test: Chi-Square tests which
enable us to test whether more than two population proportions can be
considered equal. In
other words, a
Chi-Square test is
also a parametric test which can
be applied on categorical data or qualitative data. This test can
be applied when
we have few or
no assumptions about the population parameter.
Actually, Chi-Square
tests allow us to do
a lot more
than just test for the quality of
several
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b) What are the components of time series? Enumerate the methods of
determining trend in time series.
Components of Time Series
The behaviour of a time
series over periods of time is called the movement of the
time series. The
time series is
classified into the
following four components:
1. Long term trend or secular
trend: This refers to
the smooth or
regular long term
growth or decline
of the series. This movement can
be characterised by a trend curve. If this curve is a straight line, then
it is called a trend line. If the variable increases
over a long period of
time, then it is
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5. What do you mean by cost of living index? Discuss the methods of
construction of cost of living index with an example for each.
Meaning of cost of living index : The ‘cost of living index’,
also known as ‘consumer price index’ or
‘cost of living price index’
is the country’s
principal measure of
price change. The consumer price index helps us in
determining the effect of rise and fall in prices on different classes of
consumers living in different areas. Different
people consume different
kinds of commodities
and the same commodities in different
proportions. The consumer price index
helps us in determining the effect of size.
Fall in price index helps us in determining the effect of
rise and fall in prices
on different
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6 a. What is analysis of variance?
What are the assumptions of the technique?
Meaning of Analysis of Variance: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
is useful in such situations as comparing the mileage achieved by five
different brands of gasoline, testing which of four different training methods
produce the fastest learning record, or comparing the first-year
earnings of the
graduates of half
a dozen different
business schools. In each of these cases, we would compare the
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PROGRAM MBA
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0039 –Business
Communication
1. As a speaker
you are addressing a group of people. Explain the elements involved in this
communication.
Key elements of communication
The
elements involved in communication are:
• Sender or encoder – This
is the person who transmits a message.
For example, a manager writing a letter
to a consultant after a meeting
or a sales manager making
a presentation to the sales
team. Here the manager is the sender
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2. Describe any
situation in your own experience where the communication failed because the
listening was faulty. Identify the barrier to listening in this situation.
Situation
where Communication was a failure to me:
As
a Senior Manager, I was a sender for a communication and intended to be
received by my executives. I have sent the following communication to my
executives through a notice and displayed on the notice board:
“Coming
Second Saturday to complete our targets for the month a review meeting is arranged
and all should attend. If any executive is not able to attend should find out
the contents of the meeting from their peers without fail”.
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3. Describe any
5 types of presentations with examples and their target audience.
Oral communication
is an important
part of communication, whether it
is in the form of a speech or proposal, both within and outside
the organisation. Oral
skills are needed
for making effective presentations, participating
in and conducting
meetings, dealing with customers and interacting on a
day-to-day basis with your superiors, peers and
subordinates within the
organisation. Your oral
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4. Explain the different types of meetings.
Types of Meetings
According
to Deborah Tannen, “A meeting is any focused conversation that has a
specific agenda, especially
but not only
if it has been set
up in advance.”
This
definition implies that meetings are not aimless discussions, but they require
careful planning and revolve around a specific topic that is decided in
advance. Therefore, while meetings may
be more or less formal in the way they are conducted, they need to be
planned, irrespective of the nature of the meeting.
At
the outset, let us discuss the different categories of business meetings:
1.
Task oriented meetings
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5. You are going to face a job interview for the post
of Manager-operations. Which aspects you will keep in mind while facing the
interview?
Aspects
to be kept in mind during job interview 10 10
•
Opening formalities
– Since it
is important to
create a good
first impression, the way you greet and introduce yourself is important.
Using the name of the interviewer correctly, giving a firm
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6. Write short
notes on:
a) Internet
b) Intranet
a) meaning and benefits of internet
There
are many advantages of using the Internet, such as :
Meaning:
A
means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via
dedicated routers and servers. When two computers are connected over the
Internet, they can send and receive all kinds of information such as text,
graphics, voice, video, and computer programs.
No
one owns Internet, although several organizations the world over collaborate in
its functioning and
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