PROGRAM - MBA
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MB0042- MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
1. Define the term Business Cycle
and also explain the phases of business or trade cycle in brief.
Business
cycle:
The term business cycle refers to a wave-like fluctuation in
the overall level of economic
activity; particularly in
national output, income, employment, and
prices that occur
in a more
or less regular
time sequence. It is
the rhythmic fluctuations
in the aggregate
level of economic activity
of a nation.
Different writers have
defined business cycles in
different ways. Business
cycles are an
alternation of periods
of prosperity and depression
of good and
bad trade. Such
cycles consist
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2. Monopoly is the situation there exists a single control over the
market producing a commodity having no substitutes with no possibilities for
anyone to enter the industry to compete. In that situation, they will not
charge a uniform price for all the customers in the market and also the pricing
policy followed in that situation.
Meaning and definition
Monopoly means
existence of a
single seller in
the market. Monopoly
is that market form in which a single producer controls the whole supply
of a single commodity which has no close
substitutes. Monopoly may be defined, as
a condition of production in which a single firm has the power to fix
the price of
the commodity or
the output of the commodity.
It is a situation
there exists a
single control over
the market producing
a commodity having no substitutes
with no possibilities for any
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3. Fiscal policy is a package of economic measures of the government
regarding public expenditure, public revenue, public debt or borrowings. It is
very important since it refers to the budgetary policy of the government.
Explain the fiscal policy and its instruments in detail.
Defination:
The term “fisc” in
English language means “treasury”, and the policy related to treasury or
government exchequer is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is a package of
economic measures of the Government regarding public expenditure, public
revenue, public debt or public borrowings. It concerns itself with the
aggregate effects of government expenditure and taxation on income, production
and employment. In short, it refers to the budgetary policy of the government.
Instruments of fiscal policy
The instruments of
fiscal policy include:
1. Public revenue:
It refers to the income
or receipts of public authorities. It is classified into two parts -
tax-revenue and non-tax revenue. Taxes are the main source of revenue to a
government. There are two types of taxes. They are direct taxes such as
personal and corporate income tax, property tax, expenditure tax, and
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4. Explain the various methods of forecasting demand.
Definition of Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting
seeks to investigate
and measure the forces
that determine sales
for existing and
new products. Generally companies plan their business -
production or sales in anticipation of future demand. Hence, forecasting future demand becomes important.
The art of successful business lies in avoiding or minimizing the risks
involved as far as possible and facing
the uncertainties in a most befitting manner. Thus, demand forecasting refers to an estimation of most likely future
demand for
a product, under given
conditions.
Forecasting Methods
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5. Define monopolistic competition and explain its characteristics.
Monopolistic Competition
Perfect competition
and monopoly are
two extreme forms
of market situations, rarely
to be found
in the real
world. Generally, markets
are imperfect.
Prof. Chamberlin
is the main
architect of the
theory of Monopolistic Competition. This
market exhibits the
characteristics of both
perfect competition and monopoly.
Since modern markets
are
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6. When should a firm in perfectly competitive market shut down its
operation
Perfect Competition
A perfectly competitive
market is one in which the number of
buyers and sellers are large,
all engaged in
buying and selling
a homogeneous product without
any artificial restriction
and, possessing perfect knowledge of
the market at
a time. According
to Bilas, “the
perfect competition is characterised by the presence of many firms;
they all sell the same product
which is identical. The
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PROGRAM - MBA,
SEMESTER - I
SUBJECT CODE : MB0041
SUBJECT NAME : FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
1 Inventory in a business is
valued at the end of an accounting period, at either cost or market price,
whichever is lower. This is accepted convention or a practice in accounting.
Give a small introduction on accounting conventions and elucidate all the eight
accounting conventions.
Introduction of accounting convention
Accounting conventions
are the rules
based on which
accounting takes place and
these rules are
universally accepted. There
are ten types
of accounting conventions, namely
convention of income
recognition, convention of expense,
convention of matching
cost and revenue, convention
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2. Analyse the following
transactions according to traditional approach.
b. 2.1.2011 Borrowed from Malathi
Rs. 5,00,000
c. 2.1.2011 Purchased furniture
Rs. 1,00,000
d. 4.1.2011 Purchased furniture
from Meenal on credit Rs. 1,50,000
e. 5.1.2011 Purchased goods for
cash Rs. 50,000
f. 6.1.2011 Purchased goods from
Ram on credit Rs. 2,50,000
g. 8.1.2011 Sold goods for cash
Rs. 1,25,000
h. 8.1.2011 Sold goods to Shyam on
credit Rs. 55,000
i. 9.1.2011 Received cash from
Shyam Rs. 25,000
j. 10.1.2011 Paid cash to Ram Rs.
90,000
Journal Entries
Date
|
Particulars
|
Amount
(Dr.) |
Amount
(Cr.) |
1-Jan-13
|
Cash a/c
Dr.
To Capital a/c (Being Sunitha started his business with cash Rs. 5,00,000) |
5,00,000
|
5,00,000 |
2-Jan-13
|
Cash a/c
Dr.
To Malathi a/c (Being Borrowed from Malathi Rs. 5,00,000) |
5,00,000
|
5,00,000 |
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3. The following items are found in the trial balance of M/s Sharada
Enterprise on 31st December, 2000.
Sundry Debtors Rs.160000
Bad Debts written off Rs
9000
Discount allowed to Debtors Rs.
1800
Reserve for Bad and doubtful Debts 31-12-1999 Rs.
16500
Reserve for discount on Debtors 31-12-1999 Rs.
3200
You are required
to provide the
bad and doubtful
debts at 5%
and for discount on
debtors at 2%.
Show the adjustments
for bad debts,
bad debts reserve, discount
account, and provision for discount on debtors.
Answer:
The amount debited to
P&L account towards RBD is computed as follows:
Old RBD =
Rs. 16500
(-) Bad debts =
Rs. 9000
Balance = Rs.
7500
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4. The reports prepared in
financial accounting are also used in the management accounting. But there are
few major differences between financial accounting and management accounting. Explain
the differences between financial accounting and management accounting in
various dimensions.
Difference between financial accounting and management accounting
Dimension
|
Financial accounting
|
Management accounting
|
Users
|
The primary users of financial accounting information are
external users like shareholders, creditors, government authorities,
employees, etc.
|
The primary users of management accounting are internal users
like top, middle,and lower level managers.
|
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5. Draw the Balance Sheet for the following information provided by
Sandeep Ltd..
a. Current Ratio :
2.50
b. Liquidity Ratio :
1.50
c. Net Working Capital :
Rs.300000
d. Stock Turnover Ratio :
6 times
e. Ratio of Gross Profit to
Sales :
20%
f. Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio :
2 times
g. Average Debt collection period : 2 months
h. Fixed Assets to Net Worth : 0.80
i. Reserve and Surplus to
Capital :
0.50
A. Preparation of Balance sheet
(Includes all the ratios)
|
Balance sheet
|
||
Liabilities
|
Rs.
|
Assets
|
Rs.
|
Capital
|
500000
|
Fixed Assets
|
600000
|
Reserves and Surplus
|
250000
|
Inventories
|
200000
|
Long-term Debt
|
150000
|
Debtors
|
250000
|
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6. Write the main differences between cash flow analysis and fund flow
analysis.
Following is the balance sheet for the period ending 31st March 2011 and 2012. If the current year’s net loss is
Rs.38,000, Calculate the cash flow from operating activities.
31st MARCH
2011 2012
Short-term loan to employees 15,000 18,000
Creditors 30,000 8,000
Provision for doubtful debts 1,200 -
Bills payable 18,000 20,000
Stock in trade 15,000
13,000
Bills receivable 10,000 22,000
Prepaid expenses 800 600
Outstanding expenses 300 500
A Differences between cash flow
and fund flow analysis
Cash Flow Analysis
|
Fund Flow Analysis
|
1. It is concerned only
with the
|
1. It is concerned with
change in working
|
change in cash position
|
capital position between two balance
|
2. It is merely a record
of cash
|
sheet dates.
|
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PROGRAM - MBA
SEMESTER I
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0040
STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT
1. Distinguish between
Classification and Tabulation.
Explain the structure
and components of a Table with an example.
Meaning of Classification and Tabulation
Classification is a process of arranging things or data in groups
or classes according to their resemblances and affinities
Definition of classification
Classification is
the process of arranging data into
sequences and groups according to their common characteristics or separating
them into different but related parts – Secrist
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2. a) Describe the characteristics
of Normal probability distribution.
a) Characteristics of
Normal probability distribution
The following are some
of the characteristics of normal distribution:
1. Normal distribution is a continuous
probability distribution
2. Its probability density function is given by:
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2. b) In a sample of 120 workers
in a factory, the mean and standard deviation of wages were Rs. 11.35 and
Rs.3.03 respectively. Find the percentage of workers getting wages between Rs.9
and Rs.17 in the whole
factory assuming that
the wages are
normally distributed.
Answer:
Let the wages be X. Then, X
is a normal variate with parameters µ=11.35 and σ=3.03
Therefore, Z =
=
is a
standard normal variate.


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3. a) The
procedure of testing
hypothesis requires a
researcher to adopt
several steps. Describe in brief
all such steps.
Steps are as follows: -
Step 1 : State null
hypothesis (H0) and alternate hypothesis (H1).
Step 2: State the level
of significance. This gives you the tabulated normal/’t’ – value.
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3. b) Distinguish between:
i. Stratified random sampling and Systematic sampling
ii. Judgement sampling and Convenience sampling
Ans : i. Stratified random sampling and
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling :
This sampling design is
most appropriate if the population is heterogeneous with respect
to characteristic under
study or the
population distribution is highly skewed.
We subdivide the
population into several groups or strata such that:
i) Units within each stratum is more homogeneous
ii) Units between strata are heterogeneous
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3. b. ii. Judgement sampling and Convenience sampling
Judgment sampling :
The choice
of sample items
depends exclusively on
the judgment of the
investigator. The investigator’s experience
and knowledge about
the population will help to select the sample units. It is the most
suitable method if the population size is less.
The below table depicts the
merits and demerits of judgement sampling.
Table : Merits and
Demerits of Judgement Sampling
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4. a) What is regression analysis?
How does it differ from correlation analysis?
Correlation
When two or more
variables move in sympathy with the other, then they are said to be correlated.
If both variables move in the same direction, then they are said
to be positively
correlated. If the
variables move in
the opposite direction, then
they are said
to be negatively
correlated. If they
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4. b) Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation between X
series and Y series.
X 110 120 130 120 140
135 155 160
165 155
Y 12 18 20 15 25 30 35 20 25 10
Answer: -
Below table depicts the sums calculated for the data
depicted in table ,
X
|
Y
|
X2
|
Y2
|
XY
|
110
|
12
|
12100
|
144
|
1320
|
120
|
18
|
14400
|
324
|
2160
|
130
|
20
|
16900
|
400
|
2600
|
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5. Briefly explain the methods and
theories of Business forecasting.
Meaning of Business forecasting: Business forecasting
refers to the
analysis of past
and present economic conditions with
the object of
drawing inferences about
probable future business conditions.
The process of
making definite estimates
of future course of events is
referred to as forecasting and the figure or statements obtained from the
process is known as ‘forecast’; future
course
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6. Construct Fisher’s Ideal Index
for the given information and check whether Fisher’s formula satisfies Time
Reversal and Factor Reversal Tests.
Items P0 Q0 P1 Q1
A 16 5 20 6
B 12 10 18 12
C 14 8 16 10
D 20 6 22 10
E 80 3 90 5
F 40 2 50 5
Answer: -
Formula of Fishers Ideal Index
Computation of Fisher’s Ideal Index
Items
|
P0
|
Q0
|
P1
|
Q1
|
P0Q0
|
P0Q1
|
P1Q0
|
P1Q1
|
A
|
16
|
5
|
20
|
6
|
80
|
96
|
100
|
120
|
B
|
12
|
10
|
18
|
12
|
120
|
144
|
180
|
216
|
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PROGRAM - MBA
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0039 –Business
Communication
1. As a speaker you are addressing
a group of people. Explain the elements involved in this communication.
The elements involved
in communication are:
• Sender or encoder – This
is the person who transmits a message. For example, a manager writing a letter
to a consultant after a meeting
or a sales manager making
a presentation to
the sales team.
Here the manager is the sender
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2. What is the importance of
Kinesics and Proxemics in communication? Explain with examples.
Kinesics with example
Kinesics is
the most often
studied and important
area of non-verbal communication and refers to body
movements of any kind. Different body movements can
express inner states
of emotion. The
different body movements are:
• Facial expressions
– Facial expressions
can convey feelings
of surprise, happiness, anger and sadness. If you meet a long lost
friend and say “I
am very happy
to meet you
again”, but with a
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3. How does internal business
communication affect the organization? Discuss the role of each stakeholder in
this.
Internal business communication
Internal business
communication is the
exchange of information
within a company.
Superiors
Every organisation has
a formal reporting system. Superiors are the higher ups in
the organisation to
whom you report.
The frequency of
interaction with them will vary, depending on your position and
responsibilities, as well as their need
for information. As
a salesperson, you
may have to
submit
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4. Imagine a new product from food
industry. Write a persuasive letter to customers, persuading them to buy your
company’s product.
Below is the persuasive
letter of the product with services of HAPPY RESORTS.
Happy Resorts
Dehradun
Contact: xxx-xxx-xxxx
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5. You are going to face a job
interview for the post of Manager-operations. Which aspects you will keep in
mind while facing the interview?
Aspects to be kept in
mind during job interview are as follows:
·
Opening
formalities – Since
it is important
to create a
good first impression, the way
you greet and introduce yourself is important. Using the name of the
interviewer correctly, giving a firm handshake, waiting till you are asked to
be seated and sitting with an erect posture are common courtesies that should
be observed to project a good image.
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6. Write short notes on:
a) SQ3R technique of reading
b) Circulars
a) meaning and benefits of SQ3R
SQ3R technique
of reading was
developed by Robinson
in his book "Effective Study" (1970). SQ3R
stands for the initial letters of the five steps.
1. Survey
– Survey refers to a quick glance
through the title page, preface and chapter headings of a text. By surveying,
you will be able to gauge the main ideas of the text. Besides, the author’s
name, date, place of publication and title page can give you an idea of the
general subject area. The table of
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b) Meaning and role of Circulars
A circular letter is an effective means of creating interest
among a large number of people regarding goods or services. Here we going to
describe here importance of circular letter.
Importance of a circular letter can be discussed in terms of following
aspects:
Circular letter helps
to create a new market for a specific product or service and therefore causes
development of business.
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Program - MBA
Semester 1
Subject code & name MB0038 : Management Process and
Organisational Behaviour
1. What do you mean by Span of
Control? Differentiate between narrow span of control and wide span of control.
Describe the factors that influence the span of control.
A Meaning of ‘span of control’
The term span of control indicates the number
of employees or managers who work under one head. Span of control may be
narrow or broad. When a very few people
report to a head and a chain is made that
way upward, then
it is called
narrow span. Thus
in a narrow
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2. Define the term controlling.
What are the pre-requisites of effective control?
Definition of controlling
Controlling can be defined as measuring and correcting
of performance to achieve the organisational goals.
According to Brech,
“Controlling is a systematic
exercise which is
called as a
process of checking
actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure
adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a
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3. Define the term ‘personality’.
Describe Cattell’s Personality Factor Model.
Personality
can be defined
as a dynamic
and organised set of
characteristics possessed by a person
which uniquely influences
his/her knowledge,
motivations and behaviour
in various situations
(Ryckman, 2004). According to
Pervin, Cervone &
John, (2005), personality
refers to those characteristics of
the person that
account for consistent
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4. Discuss the contemporary
theories of motivation.
Contemporary Theories
of Motivation
ERG Theory: Alderfer (1972)
classifies needs into
three categories – 1)
The existence category
that provides our
basic material existence requirements (akin
to Maslow’s physiological
and safety), 2)
Relatedness category which provides relationship and social status (akin
to Social) and 3) Growth category which refers
to personal development (akin to
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5. What are the factors that affect group behaviour?
There are several factors that affect group behaviour
in addition to the group process. These factors affect the group process and
group decision making and hence it is important to learn about them.
Norms
Norms can be
defined as “acceptable
standards of behaviour
that are shared by
the group members.”
This is a
guideline for members
detailing what they ought
and ought not
to do under
certain circumstances. Norms can be
classified into many
categories. Out
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6. Define the term ‘leadership’.
Write a brief note on “Contingency Theories of Leadership”
Definitions of
leadership
Warren
Bennis' definition of
leadership is focused
much more on the
individual capability of
the leader: "Leadership is
a function of
knowing yourself, having a
vision that is
well communicated, building
trust among colleagues, and taking effective
action to realise
your own leadership potential."
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PROGRAM - MBA
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0043 –Human Resource
Management
1. What do you mean by Human
Resource Management? Describe the functions of Human Resource Management.
Definition of Human Resource Management
One of
the most useful
definitions of Human
Resources Management (HRM) is
provided by Fisher, Schoendfelt and Shaw in their book “Human Resources Management,“
HRM involves all
management decisions and practices
that directly affect
or influence the
people or Human
resources who work
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2. Discuss the elements of a Career Planning Programme. Explain some of
the benefits of a Career Planning program to an organization.
Elaborate the elements of a Career Planning Programme
There are four distinct
elements of career planning programme:
·
Individual assessment and need analysis
·
Organisational assessment and opportunity
analysis
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3. What do you mean by HRIS?
Explain the components of HRIS. Describe the different applications of HRIS in
Human Resource Management.
Definition of HRIS
HRIS, HR
Technology or HR
modules are an
intersection between HRM and IT. It merges HRM as a discipline and
in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the IT field, whereas
the planning and programming of data processing systems evolved into
standardised routines and packages of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
software. On the whole, these ERP systems
have their origin
in software that
integrates information from different applications into one
universal database. The
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4. “Discipline in the broad sense
means orderliness-the opposite of confusion.” What do you mean by Discipline?
Explain the basic guidelines of a Disciplinary policy.
Meaning of Discipline
Discipline is
employee self-control which
prompts him/her to
willingly cooperate with the
organisational standards, rules, objectives, etc.
Discipline is best
defined as the observation of principles, rules or any other laid down
procedures, practices, written or otherwise in the organisation by the
employees or group of employees, to whom
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5. Suppose you have joined as an
HR and you have been assigned a task to carry out the grievance handling
procedure in your organization. What according to you are the causes of
Grievance? Describe in detail the Grievance handling procedure.
Causes of Grievance
Grievances may occur
for a number of reasons:
(a) Economic:
Wage fixation, over
time bonus, wage
revision etc. Employees may feel
that they are paid less when compared to others.
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6. Write short notes on the
following :
a)Competency Mapping
b)Flexi Time
Competency Mapping
Employee skills,
knowledge and abilities
are not sufficient
to achieve the desired
goals. Additional skills
such as mind-set,
values, belief and commitment are
required by employees
to achieve their
desired performance. Thus competency is the sum of knowledge, skills,
attitude and personality
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